Metazoan, Plant, and Tissue Classification: A Concise Overview
Metazoans, Plants, and Epithelial Tissue Classification
Metazoans (Vertebrates):
- Fish:
- Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous skeleton, dermal denticles, heterocercal caudal fin, ventral mouth, no swim bladder, branchial arches, spiracles, e.g., shark)
- Osteichthyes (Bony skeleton, scales, homocercal caudal fin, swim bladder with operculum, e.g., sardine)
- Amphibians:
- Anura (Frogs)
- Urodeles (Salamanders)
- Reptiles:
- Chelonians (Turtles)
- Lizards
- Crocodilians
- Snakes
- Birds:
- Ratites (Ostrich)
- Gallinaceous (Chicken)
- Noctua (Hawk Owl)
- Diurnal Raptors (Storks, Cranes)
- Webbed (Duck)
- Birds (Sparrow, Hummingbird)
- Psittaciformes (Parrots, Toucan)
- Mammals:
- Monotremes (Platypus, Echidna)
- Marsupials (Kangaroo, Opossum)
- Placental Mammals:
- Chiroptera (Bats)
- Rodents and Lagomorphs (Rabbits, Hares)
- Cetaceans (Whales, Dolphins)
- Proboscidea (Elephants)
- Primates (Monkeys)
- Carnivores (Tiger, Lion)
- Herbivores (Horse, Cow)
- Insectivores (Shrew)
Metafites (Plants):
- Thallophytes:
- Algae (Chlorophyceae – green chlorophyll, Rhodophyceae – red, Phaeophyceae – brown)
- Lichens (Algae-fungus alliance, humidity dependent)
- Bryophytes: (False roots, leaves, e.g., moss)
- Cormophytes:
- Pteridophytes (Ferns)
- Spermatophytes:
- Gymnosperms:
- Pinaceae (Pine, Fir, Cedar)
- Cupressaceae (Cypress)
- Angiosperms:
- Monocots (Cereals, Palm)
- Dicots (Legumes, Rosaceae – Peach, Cherry, Compositae – Daisy, Lettuce)
- Gymnosperms:
Epithelial Tissue: Formed by cells together. If regeneration occurs without intercession:
- Monostratified:
- Squamous cells (Endothelium) lining for gas exchange.
- Prismatic cells (Small intestine with microvilli).
- Pluriestratified: Multiple layers, e.g., epidermis (two layers: corneum – superficial area formed by keratinized dead cells; Malpighian layer – cells divide to maintain skin thickness). No blood vessels, glandular hairs crossed by sudoriferous glands.