Microelectronics, Biotechnology, New Materials, and More
Microelectronics
Microelectronics is considered the platform of all current technological revolutions. This technology has been usually associated with the presence of apparatus, equipment, devices, and other electronic items. As its name suggests, microelectronics is a term referring to the micro components of the artifacts, in particular, micro conductors (diodes, transistors, integrated circuits), which have experienced rapid development and a miniaturization process from those bulky and burning valves of old radio tubes (the smallest occupied a volume of 20 cubic centimeters) to the transistors (the first occupied a volume of between 1 and 4 cubic centimeters, while the current is in the order of a billionth of a cubic centimeter) and then to integrated circuits.
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is perhaps one of the fields of science and technology most controversial and sensitive to society due to the moral and ethical implications that accompany it. The manipulation of life and biochemical factors, intervention in the genetic structure of living things, the conquest of the genome of a species and its colonization with another possibility, which allows you to create transgenic beings, is a reality that causes fear and optimism. The advance of biotechnology will soon have a complete map of the human genome, which may predict disease and prevent its occurrence, but also paves the way for eugenics, a real threat to the human race.
New Materials
New materials is a term associated with a group of products that are the basis of new developments in the industrial structure. They are the result of combining or associating conventional materials through production processes, in pursuit of optimizing physical-chemical properties.
Chemical Technology
Chemical technology overcomes the traditional concept of chemistry as a laboratory, with its test tubes and gas burner. Chemical technology deals with chemical reactions on industrial and commercial scales. Its estimates are based on price criteria and energy conservation. It also deals with the design and production of equipment and devices suitable for the respective purposes.
Precision Mechanics
The theme of precision mechanics could be analogous to microelectronics (saving proportions), considering that it is also related to the design and production of components and micrometer parts that, because of their role, structure, and form, require different production processes than those of conventional mechanics. The metrological component in precision engineering is central. Surfaces with mirror polish grades, assemblies with extreme precision requirements, and elements that could never be produced in machine tools with chip detachment are themselves the subject of precision mechanics. Dimensional metrology, mechanical and surface grading, and experimental stress analysis are themselves fields of technological activity in precision mechanics. Also, their products are very close to us in the heads of the printing machine feature, in step motors, in the recording heads of video recorders, etc.