Mining Impacts, Transportation, and Climate Classification

Posted on Jan 23, 2025 in Geography

Impacts of Mining Activity

Direct Impacts

Direct impacts are associated with minimal changes to the smooth development of the overall production process.

Indirect Impacts

Indirect impacts are associated with the linkages that mining irradiates but are not necessarily or exclusively oriented to the particle saltpeter mining process. A large northern modeler is copper.

Transportation

The Geography of Movement extends its field of study to the general movements or groups of men or goods that reach a breadth and volume that result in a specialized activity. It aims to establish, according to region, how people order transport, modified according to their needs, skills, and degree of civilization. This indicates the convergent reality of different modes of transport whose complexity, collaboration, or competition grows with the degree of evolution of human societies and their economies.

The movement of persons, stocks, and goods, as well as an increase in production, also depends on giving a proper exit.

Revolutions in Transport

  • Wheel
  • Sail
  • Steam
  • Internal combustion engine

Land Transport (Including River)

  • Roads
  • Railways (density about 5 km line/100 km2)
  • Waterways (large lakes, large rivers)
  • Ducts (1st pipeline in Pennsylvania) for fluids and solids

Shipping

  • Trend towards specialization
  • Routes (Suez Canal, 1859-69; Panama, 1924)

Air Transportation

Köppen Climate Classification System

Large Groups

First Letter (Climate)

  • A Tropical Climates: All months have average temperatures above 18°C.
  • B Dry Climates: Evaporation exceeds average annual precipitation.
  • C Temperate Climates: The coldest month has an average temperature of less than 18°C but higher than -3°C.
  • D Snow Climates: The coldest month has an average temperature lower than -3°C. The average temperature of the warmest month is above 10°C.
  • E Ice Climates: The mean temperature of the warmest month is below 10°C.

Second Letter (Rainfall Adjustment)

  • W Desert Climate: Arid climate (only applicable to B climates).
  • S Steppe Climate: Semi-arid condition (only applicable to B climates).
  • f Humidity: Regular monthly precipitation (applicable to A, C, and D climates).
  • w Dry season in the winter of the respective hemisphere.
  • s Dry season in the summer of the respective hemisphere.
  • m Pluviisilva (rainforest) dominated by the monsoon cycle.

Third Letter (Temperature Variations)

  • a Hot Summer: Warmest month above 22°C (C and D climates).
  • b Warm Summer: Warmest month below 22°C (C and D climates).
  • c Short, Cool Summer: Less than four months above 10°C (C and D climates).
  • d Very Cold Winter: Coldest month below -38°C (D climates only).
  • h Warm and Dry: Annual average temperature above 18°C (B climates only).
  • k Cold and Dry: Average annual temperature below 18°C (B climates only).

Overall Climate Distribution

  • Type A climates correspond to low latitudes.
  • Type B climates dominate sectors of anticyclonic cells in areas near the tropics.
  • Type C climates are found in mid-latitudes.
  • Type D climates are only found at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.
  • Type E climates are found in polar areas and high mountain areas.

High mountain areas have an azonal climate, designated with the letter H. There are a number of other signs in climate classification, but their enumeration would be long. Of these, only the symbol n, an indicator of cloud abundance or high humidity, will be indicated.