Modernism in Spanish Literature: A Comprehensive Overview
Modernism in Spain
Modernism arrived in Spain with Rubén Darío. The renowned Nicaraguan poet first visited Spain in 1892 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus’s voyage to the Americas. During his visit, Darío befriended prominent Spanish writers and influenced a younger generation of poets.
Manuel Machado
, brother of Antonio Machado and was one of the main representatives of Spanish modernism. Developed an original poetic in Modernism, for its variety of shades, ranging from the lightness of his compositions on the bohemian life, the courtship of females, bulls and the melancholy of his poems or religious intimate affair. Combined the influence of new aesthetic and symbolism and the Andalusian Parnasianism with sensuality. PROJECT: SOUL OF RECREATION Andalusian copla with clear influences of Symbolism and Parnasianism. The poems in this book are full of sensuality and melancholy characteristic of this movement, best known poem is “Castilla”.
JUAN RAMON JIMENEZ: Born in 1881 and died in 1958, 2 years after receiving the Nobel Prize for Literature. The appearance of his great love, Zenobia Campubrí, was essential in his life and work. His poetry was characterized by the desire of nudity and all poetry, as well as at popular attraction, the weight of the biographical, the desire for eternity and the existence of an aesthetic idea, ethical and philosophical on which to build writing. While that makes his work leaves Juan Ramón record their reflections on it, thanks to these is to know that poetry for him represented not only a way to overcome the imperfection of the world, but a change of self-knowledge and Actually, as a way of raising one’s life to a higher spiritual status. WORKS: Studies on the poet often divided his work into 3 stages: 1 – modernist phase (1900-1914, sensory simple lines and colors) or sensitive stage, including their 1 º titles (“Arias sad”) that reveal certain excesses modernist belongs to this stage “Platero y yo”. 2 nd intellectual stage (1915-1936) wrote his best game as himself, “Diary of a Newlywed Poet” (1916), in line with your wedding. It shows a threefold vision of the idea of travel: a) physical journey (New York) b) sentimental journey (towards maturity loving) and c) travel literature (knowledge of Anglo-Saxon poetry of his wife’s hand) . He influences others Ortega y Gasset with the idea of discovering the inner essence of things.
3 rd stage enough or true (1937-1958): poetry reached its essential idea, in which what matters are the ideas: “Space” is a long poem written in prose and free association of ideas and “Animal background ( 1949). Merges with the transcendental reality, this is a poem constructed formally irrational and nude pictures from any charge of rhyme or stanza.
ANTONIO MACHADO: born in Seville in 1875, became his wife Leonor Izquierdo, whose death changed his life and his poetry, he met Pilar de Valderrama, whom he would call in his last Guiomar love poems. FEATURES: 1 romantic influence: he turns to the work of Becquer and Rosalia de Castro, and his conception of landscape as a reflection of the soul. 2 influence of the Symbolists (Voltaire) 3 critical perspective to the problem of Spain. Feel committed to the attempt to create another Spain. 4 use of symbols. Uses symbols in his works as personal reflection of their view of life.5 does not like pure poetry as poetry should express the poet’s own experience. TOPICS: 1 the essence of things. 2 passage of time results in a melancholy tone for the inevitable flow of time, the presence of the memory of the poet himself. 3 Castilla feel love and pain, Castilla, Soria becomes the focus of many of his poems. 4 Spain new: there is a desire to Europeanization that is announced from his verses. 5 interest in the landscape, blended with personal reflections, including the Castilian and Andalusian landscape as the exaltation of the popular. 6 love. 7 dreams sees the irony as the only possible form of knowledge, shows the reality that lies beyond everyday experience. 8 religious skepticism. Seek God, which is like a dream or a wish. 9 poet’s constant dialogue with himself and with everything around him. STYLE: a) variety of lines: shows a predilection for romance and whistles, plus dodecasyllabic Alexandrian verses. B) refined poetic language: it uses a sober and clear language. C) for its style is considered more a poet from 19 to 20. PROJECT: It has 3 stages: Stage 1 (1999-2007): Symbolist intimacy. The keys are: subjectivism and the look that brings out the poet inward. 2 nd stage (1907-1912) Spanish regeneracionista: Represented by “fields of Castilla.” 3 rd stage (1913-1936) philosophical and folk poetry: in “New songs” away the sentimentality and breaks through the philosophical and aphoristic.
SOLITUDE, GALLERIES AND OTHER POEMS: S recognize several themes: a) the time, death and the memories and experiences and emotions of the past, b) dreams, raised as a way of insight, c) love, projected as painful absence , which is present in the background of many of the poems in the book is a love more theoretical than real. D) lost youth. The symbolism present in this work is very characteristic of Machado: evening, the road, water, the wheel (melancholy), the orchard or garden is always in the shadows …
As for the metric can appreciate the taste of the Alexandrian and dodecasyllabic verses.
CAMPOS DE CASTILLA: It was published in 1912 but released a 2 nd book of poems in 1917 and included the poems written in Baeza. Moves from individual to collective feelings. The themes are: a) Soria and Leonor. B) references that reflect a patriotic concern about the past, present or future of Spain co critical attitude. C) the landscape as meditation as a channel of expression of feelings, such as contemplation and remembrance. It should be noted the long romance “The land of Alvargonzález” intensely dramatic poem that tells greed and envy in the male attempts to retrieve this type of verse, dominated Alexandrine verses and arromanzada silva