Modernism in Spanish Literature: A Comprehensive Overview
Modernism in Spanish Literature
Characteristics of Modernism
Modernism is characterized by its emphasis on aesthetic beauty, prioritizing beauty over everything else. Authors sought an escape from reality, setting their works in remote locations and times. Texts often depict a bygone era of luxury and refinement or cosmopolitan civilizations, favoring urban settings. Common themes include boredom, apathy, and melancholy. Symbolic elements like the swan, which became a symbol of Modernist aesthetics, are frequently used.
Influences
Two French poetic movements influenced Modernism: Parnassianism and Symbolism.
- Parnassianism: Focused on classical mythology, rejecting inner emotions. It pursued “art for art’s sake.” Théophile Gautier was a key figure.
- Symbolism: Emphasized the creation of symbolic images and the musicality of language. Prominent poets include Paul Verlaine, known for prioritizing music, and Charles Baudelaire, author of Les Fleurs du Mal.
Key Figures of Modernism
Rubén Darío
The Nicaraguan poet Rubén Darío (1867-1916) is considered the most important representative of Modernism. His works include Azul…, showcasing Modernist aesthetics with exotic imagery and musicality, and Cantos de Vida y Esperanza, reflecting a shift towards intimate and reflective poetry.
Modernist Prose
is characterized diferentes.La by the use of poetic language and even musical, full of imagery and evocative. The sonatas, Ramon Maria del Valle-Inclan, are one of the best examples of prose writers of the generation modernista.Los 98 cultivated the essay and the novel. In his essays addressed the declining situation of the country and existential suspreocupaciones. Miguel de Unamuno was one of the most notable essayists of his generation. José Martínez Ruiz, > Azorín (1873-1967), published articles, book reviews, essays and novels. Among the latter, include titles such as Will and Donna INES texts Azorín the plot is minimal and pays great attention to the description of environments and sensations. His novels are proposed as a descriptive series of small scenes that try to capture the rhythm of real life. Theatre The theater of the early twentieth century marked a break with the previous century theater. One of the most successful authors was Jacinto Benavente, promoter of a new comedy and realistic dialogue to criticize. However, the great innovator of the Spanish scene was Valle-Inclán technical creator of the grotesque. Miguel de Unamuno Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936) was born in Bilbao, but lived in Salamanca, where he was professor at the University. Cultivation various literary genres, although prominent in the trial and the novel. Among the test and the novel. In their essays, Unamuno alternate existentialist reflection and reflection on Spain. In his novels premium philosophical and intellectual content on the web. Unamuno called > to this new type of novels, where the action is minimal and there is considerable dialogue and interior monologues of the characters. These include San Manuel Bueno, martyr, and Fog.Pio Baroja Pio Baroja (1872-1956) was born in San Sebastian and studied medicine in Madrid, but he devoted himself to literature. He was one of the great novelists of his generation. Along with Maeztu Azorin and formed the group of three. The novels of Baroja In his novels, Baroja attached great importance to the argument and, therefore, to action. Characters portrayed in a rather schematic and direct.
The tree of knowledge in the tree of knowledge is about the life of Andres Hurtado, a young man who begins to study medicine at Madrid. Throughout the various stages of his life, the character witnesses the social backwardness and poverty in the country is experiencing. Style Baroja’s novels. Pretend to be spontaneous, credible, simple in appearance but that simplicity is achieved after a great effort. Use short sentences, short paragraphs, abundance of dialogue. According to him, the novel should be based on direct observation of reality and according to him, the novel is a bag where it all: action, description of settings and characters, intellectual reflections. Must have no prior structure should aim to entertain. Antonio Machado Antonio Machado (1875-1939) was born in Seville. At age eight, his family moved to Madrid. In 1907 he became professor of French at the Institute of Soria. There he fell in love with Eleanor, whom he married. When Eleanor died, he moved to Baeza, where he met Pilar Valderrama (who is mentioned as a Guiomar in his poems). He was exiled to France in 1939 and died that same year in Collioure. An essential poetry of Antonio Machado poetry defined as the search for the >. This search led him to essentially be expressed through symbols like the afternoon, the road or source that in his works are filled with different meanings. Solitudes Solitudes was first published in 1903 and enlarged in 1907 appeared with the new title of Solitudes, Galleries and other poems. In this work the author expresses feelings and inner emotions. You can see the influence of modernist aesthetics in both the issues and in the formal aspects. Ramón María del Valle-Inclan Ramon Maria del Valle-Inclán (1866-1936) was born in Villanueva de Arosa and had a hectic career ideology that led him conservatism of republicanism. Valle-Inclan was a great novelist. In his narrative highlights the Sonatas and Tirano Bandera. Valle was the great innovator of the Spanish drama in the opening decades of the twentieth century. Theatre of Valle-Inclán. The absurdity in the play of Dale are usually divided into two stages: The stage of modernist aesthetics, which owns the Comedy beards. / The scarecrow stage, theatrical genre created by Valle-Inclán and is based on a deformation grotesque and tragic reality. This stage begins with Divine words and reaches its peak with bohemian lights. Antonyms antonyms words are those that have opposite meanings. Antonyms binary or complementary words are mutually incompatible, so that the assertion of one involves the negation other.Antonyms reverse: they are words for the same action or relationship from opposite viewpoints. Antonyms of degree: they are words that refer to ends of a scale in which there are varying degrees.