Motivation, Leadership, and Team Dynamics in HR

Posted on Feb 9, 2025 in Tourism

Motivation

Theories of Motivation:

  • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Five Levels)
  • Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory:
    • Maintenance Factors (Prevent dissatisfaction)
    • Motivation Factors (Presence stimulates)

Process Theories

  • McGregor’s Theories:
    • Theory X (Work is a source of suffering)
    • Theory Y (Work is a source of job satisfaction)
  • Expectancy Theory (Vroom): People think differently.
  • Reinforcement Theory:
    • Positive Reinforcement (Reward)
    • Negative Reinforcement (Punishment)

Techniques and Motivation

  • Job Enrichment:
    • Variety
    • Task Identity
    • Task Significance
    • Autonomy
    • Feedback
  • Performance Pay:
    • Piecework Pay
    • Commissions to Vendors
    • Bonuses for Productivity or Results
    • Stock Options

Leading Sources of Power

  • Reward Power
  • Legitimate Power
  • Coercion Power
  • Reference Power
  • Expert Power

Dynamics of Working Groups

  • Must have clear objectives.
  • Must have a leader to guide them.
  • Often have a certain internal status.
  • Must have a standard of behavior.
  • Must be cohesive for operating effectiveness.

Working Classes

  • Permanent or Temporary
  • Formal or Informal
  • According to their Purpose and Function

Elements of Communication

Sender, Message, Code, Communication Channel, Receiver.

Types of Communication

Downward, Upward, Cross, Diagonal.

Advantages of Working Groups

  • Higher productivity among members.
  • Information flows easily.
  • Joint objectives facilitate compliance.
  • Improvement of the work climate.
  • Facilitates the execution of complex tasks.
  • Stimulates creativity.
  • Increases staff security.

Disadvantages of Working Groups

  • Time-consuming.
  • One or more individuals can dominate the others.
  • Actions may not align with company goals.
  • Multiple solutions may exist for the same problem.

Conflict, Negotiation, and Work Contracts

  • Modification
  • Suspension
  • Extinction

Hiring

  • Common Labor Contract
  • Contract for Handicapped Workers
  • Replacement Contract
  • Contract for Specific Work or Service
  • Contract for Eventual Production Circumstances
  • Interim Contract
  • Part-Time Contract
  • Partial Retirement Contract
  • Training Contract
  • Internship Contract
  • Homework Contract
  • Group Contract

Basic Rights and Duties of the Employee

  • Right to Work
  • Professional Content Rights
  • Collective Action Rights
  • Individual Rights
  • Basic Duties

Rights and Obligations Under the Contract of Work

  • Salary
  • Workday and Work Schedule
  • Permits and Holidays

Planning and Management of Human Resources

  1. Human Resource Planning: Job analysis, profile, and job profiles.
  2. Recruitment: Sources of recruitment, internal promotions, curriculum vitae, job application.
  3. Selection: Professional tests, test batteries, the selection interview.
  4. Staff Training and Integration: Integration and acceptance, training of company employees, training methods.
  5. Promotion and Career
  6. Compensation: Base salary, merit pay for incentives and bonuses, fringe benefits.

Electronic Commerce (EC)

Can be seen from four different perspectives:

  • Connection
  • Business Processes
  • Service
  • Online

Forms of EC

  • Business to Business
  • Business to Consumer
  • Consumer to Consumer
  • Consumer to Business
  • Consumer to Public Administration
  • Business to Public Administration