Muscle Energy, First Aid, and Injury Prevention Essentials

Posted on Nov 22, 2024 in Physical Education

1. Define the Energy Contribution of the Body

The movement of the human body starts with muscle contraction, a process that requires energy. Therefore, our body needs different forms of energy supply. To provide energy, our bodies need nutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

2. What are the Necessary Nutrients to Obtain Muscle Energy?

  • Sugars or carbohydrates are converted into glucose. If not used immediately, this glucose is stored in the liver as liver glycogen, in the muscle as muscle glycogen, and in adipose tissue as lipids.
  • Lipids are converted into fatty acids, stored in adipose tissue when required.
  • Proteins are converted into amino acids; blood will use them as an energy source if necessary.

3. What is ATP?

  • ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is an energy molecule that accumulates in its links and is ready to be used immediately.

4. What are Two Main Ways of Obtaining Energy and How Do They Differ?

The two main ways of obtaining energy are the aerobic pathway and the anaerobic pathway.

The Aerobic Pathway

Aerobic means ‘with oxygen.’ Therefore, aerobic work occurs with oxygen consumption during the process of obtaining energy. This process produces ATP immediately but takes about 3 minutes to complete. Therefore, the aerobic pathway is only used in medium or long-term exercises.

The Anaerobic Pathway

Anaerobic means ‘without oxygen.’ Thus, the anaerobic pathway is one in which the muscle gets energy from substances that do not need oxygen to release energy. These substances are stored in the muscle for a short period (up to 3 minutes).

5. Quote the Most Important Factors to Consider to Maintain Health

  • Habits
  • Eating habits (balanced, varied, pleasant, and adapted diet)
  • Practice of physical activity
  • Relaxation
  • Do not consume toxic substances

10. Quote Prevention Standards to Prevent Major Accidents in the Aquatic Environment

  • Take into account the level of swimming
  • Avoid sudden entries into cold water
  • Never throw water or dive violently
  • Master emotions
  • Strictly respect directions

7. What is First Aid?

First Aid: Immediate and time-limited assistance is provided to people who suffer an accident or sudden illness by any person who is close in time, before being assisted by medical personnel and transferred to a care center, if necessary.

When an Emergency Arises

Given an emergency, a series of actions must be performed in a particular order and with speed and efficiency. PAS: Protecting, Alerting, and Relieving.

PAS:

  • Protect yourself and protect victims.
    • Be sure that the causes of the accident have disappeared.
    • Fast analysis of the situation and identify possible dangers.
    • Protect the person concerned.
    • Observe vital signs: basic consciousness, breathing, and pulse.
  • Alert the Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
    • Provide information on the situation (where you are, the data of the affected person, and the symptoms observed).
    • Follow the directions given.
    • Do not hang up the phone.
    • Leave a non-affected person alone.
  • Relieve the person concerned.
    • If conscious: Reassure the person by talking to them and giving emotional support while waiting for medical aid.
    • If unconscious and breathing: Breathing is not always due to an injury. Observe if breathing and pulse are stable, wait for medical help with the recovery position (PLS). Turn as shown in the picture, even opening their mouth.
    • If not breathing: Perform pulmonary resuscitation or artificial respiration with oral breathing techniques. The victim must be placed in a supine position with the head tilted back slightly. Perform the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver. Cover their nose and blow air into the lungs through the mouth.
    • If not breathing and no pulse: Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which combines heart massage and mouth-to-mouth breathing. The sequence is 30 compressions and 2 breaths.

9. Explain Briefly the First Aid to be Applied to a Wound and a Sprain

First Aid for a Wound:

  • Wash the affected area with soap and water (to disinfect) and let it air dry or cover it with a sterile bandage.
  • In case of bleeding, press the wound and elevate the affected area without applying tourniquets.
  • If the bleeding does not stop, move the injured person quickly.

First Aid for a Sprain:

  • Apply cold immediately during the first two hours (to avoid swelling and internal bleeding).
  • Immobilize the affected joint with a compression bandage, ensuring blood circulation. Keep the limb elevated and at rest.