Narrative, Argumentative Texts, Essays and More
Narrative Text
A narrative text is an account of events involving characters, developing in space and time. The facts are recounted by a narrator. Examples include fairy tales, fantasy, thrillers, and novels.
Basic Structure of Narrative
All narrative is characterized by a basic structure: frame, event, and episode. These three categories form the plot.
Types of Narrators
- Protagonist Narrator: The narrator and character are fused. The protagonist narrator can also be a character in the story.
- Omniscient Narrator: Generally uses the third person. The omniscient narrator knows everything, sometimes including the thoughts and motivations of the characters.
- Witness Narrator: Can use the first or third person. He knows nothing about the characters, just watching their movements and recounting them.
Argumentative Text
- The text aims to express or refute opinions to persuade a recipient. The author’s purpose may be to prove or demonstrate an idea (or thesis), refute or contradict it, or persuade the receiver about certain behaviors, facts, or ideas.
- Development: Monologue or dialogue, inference or intuition, rational arguments, in fact, exemplification authority, appeal to feelings.
- Discursive Procedure: Definition, comparison, cumulative enumeration, exemplification, interrogation.
The Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is the verbal representation of an object, person, landscape, animal, emotion, and virtually everything that can be put into words.
- In technical description, objectivity is essential.
- In literary description, the opposite is given, highlighting the author’s subjectivity and the use of words to generate aesthetic appeal.
The process of description is divided into three stages. The final phase is to present what is defined in the first two. First, then, is to observe the facts, carefully analyzing all the details that we can recognize. Then, in the second stage, we sort this information.
Essay
The essay aims to defend a personal point of view on a subjective subject (humanistic, philosophical, political, social, cultural, etc.).
Types of Essays
- Literature: Defined by the ideas in play, spanning various disciplines such as morality, science, philosophy, history, and politics.
- Scientific: Combines scientific reasoning with artistic imagination.
Features of Essays
- Free structure
- Concise and relatively short extension
- Variety of themes
- Careful and elegant style
- Varied tone, corresponding to the author’s particular way of seeing and interpreting the world
Example: Bernarda
For example, one could refer to Maria Josepha, who escapes from her imprisonment, calls out for a man, and insults the other women of the house.
Adela would be another transgressive character, as she appeals to her sister’s fiancé and breaks both the sexual taboo and the mourning.
Martyrdom, by “stealing” a photo of Pepe, can also be considered transgressive.