National Security and Defense: Concepts and Structure
National Security and Defense
Security: The degree of confidence that the state gives to the nation through a set of laws.
Defense: The set of measures used by the state for the protection of national security.
Security and Defense: It is the protection that gives the nation, whose performance is the responsibility of the national armed force.
Fields of Power
- Political Field: Advises the Defense Council and everything related to politics.
- Economic Field: Studies identified and submitted for consideration by the Defense Counsel to the administrative rules to govern economic activity in times of conflict.
- Social Domain: Creates strategies for its psychological and moral health of the population.
- Military Field: Develops strategies to facilitate employment of the armed forces in case of conflict.
Structure of the Security and Defense Act
- Title I: Basic Provisions.
- Part II: The Comprehensive Defense and Security of the Nation (consists of 3 chapters).
- Title III: Defense Council of the Nation (structured into 4 chapters).
- Title IV: Security Zones.
- Title V: Sanctions and Penalties.
- Part VI: Transitional and Final Provisions (structured in 2 sections).
Purpose of Pre-Military Training
The purpose is to promote youth development, covering aspects of national security and defense. It also promotes the integral development of these to develop military skills that support their training and understand the importance of geopolitics in the country.
Key Definitions
- Nation: A human community generally established in a territory united by historical, linguistic, religious, and economic ties, governed by the same government.
- State: A group of autonomous territories that form a nation, with common characteristics such as language and culture, through a system of rights.
- Population: A set of inhabitants of a country, region, or city, or an agglomeration of houses that may form a city.
- Society: A group of persons subject to common laws and conducted with certain organizational arrangements.
National Public Authorities
- Legislature
- Executive
- Judiciary
- Citizen Power
- Electoral Power
Executive Power: Is exercised by the President of the Republic, also accompanied by the Executive Vice President.
Legislative Power: Is composed of a chamber in the National Assembly, deputies represented democratically elected by the voters.
Geopolitics
Geopolitics: Is the science that, through political geography, descriptive geography, and history, studies the spatial causality of political events and their future effects. Geopolitics is one of the tools to define the strategies of colonization of the world.
Purpose of Geopolitics: To study the influence of geographical factors where a state is established (size, shape, location, climate, manpower, natural resources, industrial capacity, political and social organization) in the processes and driving this policy.
Geographical Limit: A boundary line between two states, two territories, or two adjacent possessions (are lines of demarcation). This line is fictional, not only having width but also length, and is often created by humans. On the other hand, the limit is also a part extreme ends where a surface ends.
Frontier: Territorial limit of a State over another, so that the border of a country means the end of it and the beginning of another.
Difference between Boundary and Border: The boundaries mark the area between two countries or cities or whatever. Within the limits are boundaries that are the areas in which the two countries (or cities) are related.