Natural Law, Positive Law, and Cartesian Method
Natural Law
It asserts that there is another form of approved iMARS God that is to acquire the habit of choosing at every moment the good action.
Natural Law Defined
- NATURAL LAW
Reason discovers a natural law. Moral norms, therefore, are not the result of convention and customs of each region, but are a reflection of natural law. This is one unwritten law, universal and unchanging, that all humans recognize.
The natural law refers to the purposes for which humans have printed in their nature in the form of tendencies and habits.
To St. Thomas, the origin of natural law is: they are born into God’s laws and which provide for both beings, natural and human.
Positive Law and Iusnaturalismo
- POSITIVE LAW AND Iusnaturalismo
In addition to the natural law, human beings need to establish laws and rules to organize society.
To St. Thomas, human nature includes the tendency to live in society. We can say that positive law is a requirement of natural law. The rules of law should be inspired by natural law.
The school of thought that advocates the existence of natural laws is known as natural law (Iusnaturalismo).
Descartes’ Method
The Cartesian Method
METHOD (DESCARTES)
In his search for a method, Descartes asks first to know the structure of reason in order to correctly apply it to the objects of study.
The reason is known through intuition and deduction. Descartes defines intuition as an undubious conception of pure and attentive reason alone and that it be simpler than the single simplest deduction to deduct anything that necessarily follows from other things known with certainty.
The method consists of a set of rules that ensure the correct use of these two operations of the mind.
+ Evidence: Admit just as true that which is present as evident to our reason. The clarity and distinction are the hallmarks of the evidence.
+ Analysis: Divide each of the difficulties discussed at the highest possible number of parts and knowledge needed to break down to the simplest elements.
+ Summary: From the simple and obvious ideas perceived by intuition, began a process of deduction to reach the most complex reconstruction.
+ Enumeration: Review and test the entire process of analysis and synthesis.
Methodical Doubt
Methodical doubt
Doubt is a requirement of the method in the time of analysis. The Cartesian doubt has its own characteristics:
+ Radical is universal and questions all certainties, for obvious they seem.
+ It is methodical and not skeptical. The skeptical doubt is a permanent form, while the Cartesian construct is temporary.
+ It is theoretical, which means that they should only affect the level of philosophical reflection.
To justify the need for this universal doubt, Descartes wields a series of reasons:
+ The deception of the senses. We must question the sense knowledge, since the senses sometimes deceive us.
+ The impossibility of distinguishing between waking and dream.
+ The hypothesis that there is a genius or evil being that deceives us and makes us mistaken in our own reasonings.