Occupational Hazards Prevention and Safety Measures
THE PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
p.252
Define Health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease and pain.
An occupational risk is the possibility that a worker suffers an injury on the work carried out for another.
A serious and imminent risk is when it is reasonably likely to materialize in the immediate future and may cause serious harm to health.
Damage is any injury arising from work, illness, or disease that you suffer as a result of the work.
Prevention measures are intended to prevent occupational hazards.
The protection measures are aimed at reducing damage.
p.253
Standards on safety and health at work:
-Directives. In referring to the specific risks.
Conventions-Loit (International Labor Organization), trying to promote workers’ lives.
The law of risk prevention includes:
-The rights and obligations in terms of risk prevention.
-The creation of specialized bodies in the field of prevention.
-The Organization of prevention in the company.
-Representation of workers on safety and health.
The statute of workers collects aspects of occupational safety and health.
General Law of the SS, accident, and occupational disease.
Law and penalties for social infractions containing offenses with penalties and graduation.
Collective agreements regulate health and safety aspects as in the industry.
p.254
Risk factors related to working conditions:
From security, stairs, doors, machines, tools …
-Physical, noise, lighting, temperature …
Chemical, lead, acid, carbon monoxide …
-Biological viruses, bacteria, fungi, animals …
Work-load, overload.
-Planning and organization of work, bad posture, shift work, monotonous work.
Risk factors related to the human factor:
-Personal characteristics, delicate state of health, person, or nerve impulse.
Training or experience –
Minutes-dangerous or unsafe, reckless or excessive confidence in handling machinery.
p.527
Accident:
Technical point of view: An unwanted or undesired abnormal event that occurs suddenly and unexpectedly, interrupting the continuity of work, and that can cause harm to people or things.
Legally speaking: is any worker who suffers bodily injury during or following work carried out for another.
– Blanc accident that causes no damage to the personal
– In itinere, displacement occurs during normal damage or return home between the worker and the workplace.
Occupational disease:
Technical point of view: the slow and gradual deterioration of health workers’ exposure to prolonged pollutants produced by chemical, physical, or biological agents in the workplace.
Legally speaking: are occupational diseases which are listed in the public catalog caused by agents that are detailed and planned activities.
– Fatigue is the result of excessive workload physically or mentally.
Dissatisfaction is the aversion to work, which generally appears when it does not match the needs and expectations of the employee or the content, or The Organization of the work.
p.259
Disciplines preventive occupy improving working conditions:
-Safety at Work
-Industrial Hygiene
-Ergonomics
Psycho –
-Occupational medicine
p.260
The principles of preventive action:
-Avoid the risks
-Assess the risks that can be avoided
-Fighting risks proactively
Adapting the work to the person who carries it out
-Be aware of technological evolution to improve prevention
Replace hazardous tasks with those that involve little or no risk.
-Prevention plan, integrating technology, work organization, social, or environmental factors into a coherent whole.
-Preceding the collective protection of the individual.
-Provide appropriate instructions to employees.
-Prevent distractions and carelessness of workers.
The prevention plan:
The company-ID and its characteristics
-Policy, objectives, and goals
Hierarchical organization of the structure –
-Organization of production
-Organization of prevention in the company.
p.260
Risk assessment is a process that must be included in a document and includes two phases:
1st Phase: risk analysis
Identifying danger and risk, taking into account two variables:
-The probability that the risk materialized in harm (low, medium, or high)
-The severity of potential damage, slightly harmful, harmful, and extremely harmful.
2nd Phase: risk assessment
Determine the actions to be done.
p.262
The Organization of preventive action
The employer personally assumes preventive action, except for health monitoring.
Appointment of one or more employees:
-Sufficient in number and capacity, sufficient resources and time.
-They have the same guarantees as workers’ representatives.
Constitution of the prevention service itself:
OHA buying facilities and adequate means.
-It includes at least two top-level specialists and staff with basic and intermediate levels.
p.263
The designated persons are for preventive action. The employer must be present when the activity poses a usual danger. Preventive action can be:
-One or more designated employees or members of prevention services.
-One or more workers than the company’s prevention service itself, have the knowledge, skills, and experience.
p.264
The delegate is the prevention of workers’ representatives with specific roles in the prevention of occupational hazards.
Their number depends on the number of workers (more workers = more delegates).
The committee is the Joint Health and Safety body and collegial participation in the prevention of risks. In all the companies that have 50 or more employees, the prevention delegates and an equal number of representatives designated by the employer constitute the health and safety committee.
Failure p.266
Public bodies:
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work.
-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health at Work (INSHT) is a specialized body in terms of health and safety at work and the promotion and support of improving these.
-Labor and Social Security Inspectorate (ITSS), a dedicated public service for surveillance and control of the rules of labor law and related risk prevention.
p.267
Workers’ rights:
-Receive training in prevention:
-Upon entering the company.
-When changes or new technologies are introduced.
-The time spent in such training is done in work time. The cost is covered by the employer.
Surveillance of health will be done periodically respecting their privacy and dignity. The examinations will be voluntary unless:
-It is necessary to check the effects of working conditions on health or the health status of workers can be a source of danger to themselves or to others.
-The regulations so require, according to the risks.
p.268
Pregnant women or breastfeeding
1st Adaptation of the workplace
2nd Change of workplace
3rd Suspension of the contract
Workers under 18 years of age
-Specific workplace assessment
-Information about the workplace
-They can work at night
-They cannot do overtime
-They need authorization from their parents
The duties of employees, the employer is basically fulfilling orders.