Occupational Health and Hygiene: A Comprehensive Guide
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 1 .-
It aims to promote and maintain the highest degree of physical, mental and social workers in all occupations; prevent deterioration of health caused by working conditions, protect their jobs from risks arising from hazardous agents ; find and keep workers in a manner appropriate to their psychological and sociological physical abilities, and in short, to adapt work to man and each man to his work.
1.1 .- Industrial Security
Industrial safety is an environmental technician whose purpose is to prevent accidents by performing activities within industrial operations on people, machines, processes, materials and work environment.
1.2 .- Ergonomics
Is the scientific study of man at work and in particular the application of multidisciplinary knowledge in the adaptation of work to man and man to work.
1.3 .- Occupational Medicine
It is the discipline which, based on the previous three, is concerned to assess and monitor the health of workers, in order to develop actions at different levels of health prevention
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
It is a way that caused directly by the exercise of the profession or work of a person and that causes disability or death (ART 7 16 744 LAW)
List of diseases is reviewed every three years (DS 109)
Affiliate may prove to a professional manager who had contracted disease as a direct result of occupation or work
Unlike AT, the EP has a limitation, because it is essential to have had its origin in employment and occupation that pose risks
The cause-effect relationship is directly between the occupational environment and human damage, without any alternative.
Important: Recognition and evaluation of etiologic agents present in environment t.
Factors that influence to get it:
1. That there is a contaminant in the environment
2. That contaminant is capable of producing damage to the health of people or developing a toxic action on the human body.
3. Contaminant that has a concentration that is in excess of allowable limits or there is a det. Cannot. In the workplace.
4. That the individual is exposed long enough time for the agent to make its action on the body.
5. Personal susceptibility.
The mere existence of environmental agents in the EP generators amb. Trab.
does not determine necessarily occur EP. For that to happen should be given the above conditions.
I. OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE
The art and science dedicated to the anticipation (anticipation), recognition (identification) and control of the risks and stressors that originate in the workplace or in connection with him and that may endanger the health and welfare workers, also taking into account their possible impact on neighboring communities and the environment in general.
ART: Virtue, willingness and ability to do anything. Expression or manifestation of experience.
SCIENCE: Knowledge of real things by their principles and causes. Apply scientific method
Danger: This is a situation – a condition that represents the possibility of occurrence of any damage or loss.
Risk: The probability that this damage occurs.
Objectives:
The objectives of occupational hygiene is the protection and promotion of worker health, environmental protection and contributing to safe and sustainable development.
Sustainable Development:
Ensure that the development meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
II. What does the Occupational Hygienist?
1.Anticipa: Study, think, question, imagine.
2.Recognizes: Investigate, hear, inspect, observe, question.
3.Evalúa: Monitors, Samples, Measure, interpret, question.
4.Controla: Imagine, Education, designs, question, explain, advocate, recommend, motivates.
5.Conoce: legal framework for the practice of their profession. Education and Security.
V. Occupational Hygiene is multidimensional and interdisciplinary. The hygienist is in part:
Advocate Medical Advisor Professor 1.Ingeniero, ETC
Summaries of the work of the occupational hygienist:
Perform continuous monitoring to be possible to detect, eliminate and control the hazardous agents and factors before they cause a detrimental effect on workers and the environment, this is the role of the occupational hygienist.
Why hygienists who work?
Productive 1.Enter
2.What – Government
3.Universidades
4.Sindicatos
5.Empresas advisors – consultants
Freelance work 6.Ejercicio
Control methods used by hygienists:
Pollutant 1.Eliminación
2.Sustitución the pollutant (a less toxic or harmful)
3.Aislamiento or enclosure of the process
4.Captura the pollutant at the source (local exhaust or general)
5.Aislar workers
6.Suministrar worker PPE
Classification of Control Measures:
1. Engineering controls:
The technical measures usually require the modification of some process or mechanical structures. Its purpose is to eliminate or reduce the use, generation or release of hazardous agents in the source or, if no source can be eliminated, to prevent or reduce the spread of hazardous agents in working environment: enclosing it, removing the time they leave the source, interfering in their spread;? Reducing their concentration or intensity.
2.Prácticas of work:
For example, in relation to works in which the position of the operator can influence the exposure, according to lean more or less. The position of the worker may affect the conditions of exposure (eg., Breathing zone in relation to the pollution source, the possibility of absorption through the skin).
3. Personal measures.
Placing a protective barrier to the worker, at the critical point of entry of the hazardous agent (mouth, nose, skin, ears), ie through the use of personal protection tools.
Important: Other preventive measures include education and personal training, personal hygiene and limiting the duration of exposure.
PRP ideal approach: an integrated early preventive action, including:
Evaluation of the effects on workers’ health and environmental impact before design and install, if a new workplace, choice of technology safer, less dangerous and less polluting (cleaner production); convenient location from the environmental point of view, proper design, with a distribution and an appropriate control technology, which provides a safe handling and disposal of waste and waste resulting