Generations of Spanish Literature: 1940-1970
Spanish Novel of the 1940s
Their works reflect the harshness of daily life and speak of uprooted and marginalized characters, whose concerns were inadequacy or sadness. This is known as the existential novel.
Works:
- *The Family of Pascual Duarte* (Cela)
- *Javier Mariño* (Torrente Ballester)
- *Nada* (Carmen Laforet)
- *The Shadow of the Cypress is Long* (Delibes)
Spanish Novel of the 1950s
Social realism appears, which includes:
- *The Light and the Blood* (Ignacio Aldecoa)
- *Among Curtains* (Carmen Martín Gaite)
Energy Systems for Exercise Performance
Phosphagen System
Provides energy for very high-intensity, short-duration activities, and the initial phase of any activity. The most important substrates are ATP and Phosphocreatine.
ATP
ATP is hydrolyzed by the ATPase enzyme located in the myosin heads. This hydrolysis triggers the movement of actin, resulting in muscle contraction.
The energy released during hydrolysis in exercise is approximately 7300 calories (under specific temperature and pH conditions).
This energy is used for muscle work and
Read MorePublic Administration: Concepts, Structure, and Liability
Concept of Public Administration
Criteria for definition:
- Subjective Criteria (Subjects): The group of organizations and entities within the executive power.
- Objective Criteria: Any body or entity whose main function is to administer, meaning the set of activities aimed at fulfilling the general interest or public needs.
- Formal Criterion: The most characteristic aspect of public administration is the legal treatment its organizations and activities receive under administrative law. Anything regulated
Postwar Spanish Writing and Authors
Spanish Postwar Literature
Context: The Civil War
On July 17, 1936, a group of officers sublevó. En the peninsula, the uprising was uneven; the Republicans were unable to control the situation. Franco’s army occupied the country, cities were bombed, thousands were killed. The world of culture was deeply affected by these events.
Postwar Poetry
Notable figure: Miguel Hernández (1910-1942). His main feature is his inexhaustible metaphorical imagination. His work can be differentiated into two stages:
Read MoreParasite Evasion Mechanisms, Key Terms, and Examples
Parasitology Essentials
Parasite Evasion Mechanisms
- Antigenic Variation – Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Giardia, Toxoplasma gondii
- Inhibition of Macrophage Phagolysosome Fusion – Leishmania
- Evasion of Toxic Molecules – Trypanosoma sp.
- Modulation of Phagocytic Function (SCAP to Cytoplasm) – Leishmania
- Adsorption of Host Antigens – Schistosoma sp., Plasmodium, Cysticercus
- Antigenic Mimicry – Schistosoma mansoni
- Shedding of Antigens – Trichinella sp., Schistosoma sp.
- Intrinsic Membrane Changes – Schistosoma sp.
- Cleavage
Characters of The House of the Spirits
Character Descriptions
Regarding the main characters, as the story goes, there is really only one central figure: the fiery and formidable Esteban Trueba. From here, there is an almost uncountable number of characters who have a small role that is essential to develop the events as they should.
Esteban Trueba
The main character, with his influence encompassing every page of the book, is Esteban Trueba, who at the time the story is told, is old, sickly, with few friends, but with his trusty silver-handled
Read MoreHabermas and Arendt on the Public Sphere
Habermas on the Public Sphere
In one of his earliest writings, Habermas defines the concept of “public opinion” in relation to the “public sphere.” By “public sphere,” he means an area of our social life in which public opinion can be formed. Entry is open to all citizens. Citizens behave as a public when they gather freely, without pressure, and with the guarantee of being able to express and freely publish their opinions about opportunities for acting in the general interest. For a large audience,
Read MoreData Communication Concepts and Transmission Methods
Data Communication Fundamentals
Core Concepts in Data Communication
Data Communication: The process of communicating information in binary form between two or more points. It requires four basic elements:
- Transmitter: A device that transmits data.
- Message: The data to be transmitted.
- Medium: The path data takes from source to destination.
- Receiver: The device receiving the data.
Bit: The smallest unit of information and the base unit for communications.
Byte: The minimum continuous set of bits that enables
Read MoreLegal Basis of Brazil’s SUS
Constitution of 1988
Article 196
Health is everyone’s right and a duty of the State, guaranteed through social and economic policies aimed at reducing the risk of diseases and other health problems, and ensuring universal and equal access to programs and services for its promotion, protection, and recovery.
Legal and Regulatory Foundations
- Organic Health Law No. 8080 of 09/19/1990
- Law No. 8142 of 12/28/1990
- Basic Operational Norms (NOB) established in 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1996
- Constitutional Amendment
Patient Rights, Ethics, and Care Fundamentals
Patient Rights
- To be informed of their rights and duties.
- Respect in which their dignity and privacy are maintained.
- To be informed of the service provider who will deliver healthcare.
- That all associated information is confidential.
- That their information is not used for classes or research without consent.
- To choose their doctors and other health professionals.
- To know the name of the doctor who is treating them.
- To obtain the medicines they need.
- A choice of treatments that their doctor will propose.
- To