Indian Constitution: Origins, Key Features and Preamble Significance
Constituent Assembly Role
1.1 Role of the Constituent Assembly in the Making of the Constitution of India
Introduction
The Constitution of India is not an accidental document but the result of careful deliberation, debate, and democratic consensus. The task of framing this constitution was entrusted to the Constituent Assembly of India, which played a historic role in shaping the political destiny of independent India.
Composition and Formation
The Constituent Assembly was formed under the Cabinet Mission
Social Inequality and Socialization: Conflict, Agents, Behavior
1. Social Inequality & Conflict Theory
Starting position: Limited opportunities → fewer points or rewards
Real-life analogy: Lower classes have fewer resources → less chance of success
Connection to Conflict Theory (Karl Marx): Society = struggle between groups; unequal access to resources maintains social hierarchy
2. Abnormal Socialization
Isolated/feral children (extreme neglect): Genie (pseudonym) — lacked language, thought, and social skills
Key idea: Human nature depends on nurture; social
Core Operations Management Concepts Explained
Lean Manufacturing (TPS)
Lean Manufacturing (TPS) Lean manufacturing is a production approach focused on eliminating waste and improving efficiency. It originates from the Toyota Production System (TPS), which is based on two key principles:
- Just-in-Time (JIT): Products are made only when needed and in the exact quantities required, reducing excess inventory.
- Jidoka: Allows the production line to stop immediately when a defect appears so the problem can be corrected at the source.
Lean emphasizes continuous
Read MoreIndian Agriculture Commercialization Under Colonial Rule
Commercialization of Indian Agriculture
Commercialization of agriculture refers to the process by which agricultural production is increasingly oriented towards the market rather than subsistence. Under this system, crops are grown mainly for sale and profit, not just for local consumption. In India, commercialization of agriculture began in a limited way in the late eighteenth century but expanded rapidly during the British colonial period, especially between 1800 and 1857.
Before British rule, Indian
Read MoreCore Theories of Justice and Ethical Application
Section 1: The Three Approaches to Justice
Justice concerns the distribution of income, wealth, rights, duties, powers, opportunities, offices, and honors.
- Welfare: Utilitarianism
- Freedom: Libertarianism, Kant, Rawls
- Virtue: Aristotle, MacIntyre, Communitarianism
Section 2: Quick Theory Identification (MCQ Clues)
Utilitarianism
- Focuses on consequences.
- Maximizes total welfare or happiness.
- Motto: “Greatest good for the greatest number.”
- Uses cost-benefit analysis; emphasizes efficiency and overall outcomes.
Tax Accounting Principles: Corporate and Partnership Transactions
Exam 1:
(Extensions → 6 months for everyone)
Chapter 2: Statute of Limitations–
1. Normal → 3 years from later of original due date or date filled 2. Omission of > 25% of gross income → 6 years 3. Fraud and/or failure to file → indefinite Trial courts and where appeals go–
1. Must go through the process (Revenue Agent’s Report (RAR), 30-day letter, informal appeal, and 90-day letter) before going to court 2. The tax deficiency must be paid prior to filing in the Court of Federal Claims
Key Concepts in Business Economics and National Income
Joint Stock Company Fundamentals
A Joint Stock Company is a voluntary association of individuals who contribute capital by purchasing shares to carry out business activities on a large scale. It is created under the Companies Act and possesses a separate legal entity from its members. Its main objective is to earn profit efficiently and professionally. The shareholders are the owners, while the Board of Directors manages the company.
Characteristics of a Joint Stock Company
- Separate Legal Entity: It
RBI Supervision, Globalisation Effects and Caste Politics in India
Economics
Reserve Bank of India Supervision
The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functions of banks in several ways:
- Reserve requirements: Commercial banks must hold a portion of their cash as a reserve with the RBI. The RBI ensures that banks maintain a minimum cash balance from the deposits they receive.
- Directed lending and inclusion: The RBI monitors that banks grant loans not only to profit-making business owners and traders, but also to small industries, small-scale cultivators, and small
Automotive Lubrication, Injection Systems & Engine Performance
Objectives of Lubrication
Primary Objectives
- Reduce friction – minimizes resistance between moving parts.
- Minimize wear – protects surfaces from damage and extends component life.
- Dissipate heat – carries away heat generated due to friction.
- Form a protective film – prevents direct metal-to-metal contact.
- Enhance efficiency – reduces energy losses during operation.
Secondary Objectives
- Prevent corrosion – acts as a barrier against moisture and chemicals.
- Seal contaminants out – helps in sealing
Effective Professional English Email Templates
1. Professional Greetings
Saludo:
- Dear Mr./Ms. [Surname],
- Dear [First name], (si el email original era informal pero aún profesional)
- Hello [Name], (informal)
2. Expressing Gratitude
Agradecimiento por el email (siempre funciona):
- Thank you for your message.
- I appreciate your quick reply.
- Thank you for reaching out and for providing the details regarding [topic].
- I appreciate your prompt response to my previous message.
- Thank you for contacting me; I am glad to assist you with this matter.
Conector opcional:
Read More