Basic Geometric Concepts and Definitions

Magnitude

Magnitude: A property of objects, considered individually with respect to other properties it may have. It is required to be measurable, in the sense that it is possible to represent it by numbers.

Extensive vs. Intensive Magnitudes

  • Extensive: It is possible to define the sum between different quantities of that magnitude, and that operation verifies certain properties (opposite element, associative, commutative, neutral element) (e.g., length, speed).
  • Intensive: The sum operation does not
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The Picture of Dorian Gray: A Synopsis

The Picture of Dorian Gray: Plot Summary

In the stately London home of his aunt, Lady Brandon, the well-known artist Basil Hallward meets Dorian Gray. Dorian is a cultured, wealthy, and impossibly beautiful young man who immediately captures Basil’s artistic imagination. Dorian sits for several portraits, and Basil often paints him as an ancient Greek hero or a mythological figure. When the novel opens, the artist is completing his first portrait of Dorian as he truly is, but, as he admits to his

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Temporomandibular and Body Joints: Anatomy

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the single mobile articulation of the head. It is a synovial joint with an articular disc made of fibrous tissue. It allows for the following movements:

  • Descent and ascent (lowering and raising the jaw)
  • Occlusal contact of the two dental arches
  • Protrusion (jaw moves forward)
  • Retraction (jaw moves backward)
  • Lateralization (jaw moves left or right)
  • Circumduction (a combination of all the previous movements)

Muscles of Mastication

The muscles

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World Ecosystems: Characteristics and Inhabitants

Medium Landscape

A medium landscape is a geographical area of variable extension representing different characteristics from other areas.

Types

A natural interface exists between relief, soil, climate, water, vegetation, and fauna where human beings do not intervene or have never intervened. In a humanized environment, people make changes to the environment. Few natural resources remain unchanged.

Hot Climates

Jungle

High temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year. Dense forest and lush, perennial

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Microscopes and Cellular Organization: Unveiling the Microscopic World

The Microscope

The Microscope: An optical instrument designed to observe extremely small objects, making them visible to the naked eye.

Cell Theory

In 1665, after observations with a compound microscope, it was indicated that cork plant material, apparently homogeneous, is composed of innumerable holes or cells that recalled a honeycomb. Since then, the term “cell” has been widely used. Soon after, Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, with the help of simple microscopes of his own construction, made a series of

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Magma Formation, Transport, and Volcanic Processes

Magma Formation and Volcanic Processes

Mid-Ocean Ridges

Thinning of lithosphere due to slab pull forces from the denser and older subducting slab. Adiabatic decompression drives melting of the mantle. Production of primitive basalt (~50% SiO2) called Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt, or MORB. Volcanism is generally effusive (not explosive), producing voluminous basaltic lava flows and pillow lavas.

Continental Rifts

Melting due to thinning of the lithosphere, decompression-driven. More alkaline basalt than MORB

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Historical Restoration in 19th-Century Italian Architecture

During the nineteenth century, Italian architects and theorists reacted against the school and English school *Violletiana*, proposing conservation while seeking to differentiate between the old and the new when intervention was inevitable. Following this debate, two main trends emerged: historical restoration and modern restoration, led by Luca Beltrami and Camilo Boito. Both approaches developed within the Milanese context.

Luca Beltrami and the Sforza Castle

Luca Beltrami applied his theories of

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Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921: Arguments For and Against

Arguments For and Against the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921

The Anglo-Irish Treaty (Irish: An Conradh Angla-Éireannach) was an agreement between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of Independence. It provided for the establishment of the Irish Free State within a year as a self-governing dominion within the ‘community of nations known as the British Empire,’ a status ‘the same as that of the Dominion

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Economic Principles: Market Dynamics and Policy Effects

Key Economic Concepts and Applications

Market Dynamics

If the price of good B rises, the supply curve for good A (a production substitute) shifts left.

If the price of good B falls, the demand for good A (a demand-side complement) decreases.

If the price of sugar (a supply-side substitute) increases, the most reasonable new equilibrium for good A would be a higher price (supply curve shifts left) and quantity demanded (demand curve shifts right).

If the price of eggs (a demand-side complement with good

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Federal Law: The German Legislative Process

The Legislative Process.

Federal law states that legislative power is subject to constitutional, executive, and judicial law. The legislative procedure gives absolute primacy to the Bundestag. The Bundesrat provides management expertise, and the Government provides specific knowledge of the materials, along with accompanying and supporting agencies. Closing the cycle is the Federal President, who is responsible for the sanction of laws.

As shown, legislative power is a monopoly of the Bundestag. This

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