Charitable Trusts: Law, Purposes, and Fiscal Benefits
How Charitable Trusts Function
Charitable trusts are purpose trusts, meaning property is held for a specific purpose, and there is no human beneficiary.
Requirement: Charitable Purpose
Charities Act 2011: Public Benefit Requirement
The purpose must be ‘charitable’ and, under the Charities Act 2011, must be for the public benefit.
Fiscal Advantages of Charitable Status
- Exempt from Inheritance Tax (IHT).
- Exempt from tax on investments.
- Exempt from income tax.
- Gift Aid (allows the charity to reclaim the basic
Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds: Properties and Formation
Ionic Bonds: Formation and Properties
An ionic bond is a chemical link formed between a metal and a non-metal. This typically involves elements from groups such as:
- Group IA: Alkali Metals
- Group IIA: Alkaline Earth Metals
- Group VIA: Chalcogens
- Group VIIA: Halogens
Characteristics of Ionic Compounds
- High Melting and Boiling Points: The ionic bond is very strong. A significant amount of energy is required to overcome the electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions in the crystal lattice.
- Hard but
Factors Leading to the Russian Revolution of 1917
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. A purus vestibulum aliquam pellentesque at ut. Suspendisse potenti. In sit amet risus quam, et egestas mauris. Nunc ut feugiat est risus facilisis condimentum. Sed et turpis, sit amet pharetra lacus.
Key Causes of the Russian Revolution (1917)
1. Autocratic Rule of the Czars
Czar Alexander II introduced some reforms in Russia and gained popularity. However, his successors, Czar Alexander III and Czar Nicholas II, became despotic. During their
Read MoreUnderstanding Stakeholders: Internal, External, and Conflicts
Understanding Stakeholders: Roles, Motivations, and Conflicts
Stakeholders are individuals or groups with an interest in an organization. They are motivated to contribute when the benefits (incentives) they receive are greater than their efforts (contributions). Stakeholders can be internal or external.
Internal Stakeholders
Shareholders: They are the owners of the organization and hold the most power. Their contribution is financial investment, and their incentive is the return or profit generated
Read MoreFinancial Analysis & Investment Calculations
1. Compound Interest Calculation
Jack places $800 in a savings account paying 6% interest compounded annually. He wants to know how much money will be in the account at the end of 5 years.
- $1,804
- $1,070
- $1,205
- $1,548
Calculation: FV = PV * (1 + r)^n
FV5 = $800 * (1 + 0.06)^5 = $1,070.58
2. Projecting an Income Statement
When projecting an income statement, it is important to consider:
- How much cash you will need.
- Previous income statements to project behaviors of costs and expenses, as well as other financial
T.S. Eliot, Woolf, Orwell: Modern and Contemporary Literary Analysis
Key Figures in Modern and Contemporary Literature
T.S. Eliot
Movement: Modernism (Poetry)Work: The Waste Land: The Burial of the Dead (1922).
Virginia Woolf
Movement: Modernism (Fiction)Works: A Room of One’s Own (1929), Lappin & Lapinova (1944), Kew Gardens (1919).
Philip Larkin
Movement: The Movement (Poetry/Fiction from the 1950s onwards)Works: The Explosion (1974), This Be the Verse (1971).
Samuel Beckett
Movement: Modernism (Theatre of the Absurd)Work: Waiting for Godot (1955).
George Orwell
Read MoreEssential Protocols for Health, Hygiene, and Safety
Personal Health and Hygiene Standards
Systems Exposed to Common Diseases
The systems and organs most commonly exposed to diseases include the:
- Cardiovascular system
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Excretory system
- Genital system
- Musculoskeletal system
- Endocrine system
- Immune system
- Nervous system and sense organs
- Skin
Essential Hygiene Habits
Maintaining good health requires adherence to several key habits:
- Personal Hygiene: Daily cleanliness routines.
- Physical Activity: Understanding health effects and risk
C Code Examples for TCP, UDP, and FTP Sockets
TCP Client-Server C Code
TCP Server
This C code sets up a basic TCP server that listens on a specified port, accepts a client connection, receives a message, sends a reply, and then closes the connection, waiting for the next client.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main() {
char *ip = "127.0.0.1";
int port = 5566;
int server_sock, client_sock;
struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_Masterpieces of Indian Miniature Art: Rajasthan, Pahari, Mughal
Rajasthan School Miniature Paintings
Maru Ragini (Mewar Sub-School)
Key Details
- Title: Maru Ragini
- Artist: Sahibdin
- Sub-School: Mewar, Rajasthan School of Miniature Paintings
- Medium: Tempera on paper
- Collection: National Museum, New Delhi
Subject Matter
The painting Maru Ragini is a vertical painting from the Ragmala series. This Rag-Ragini depicts the famous folk love story of Dhola-Maru.
Description
In this painting, Dhola and Maru are shown traveling on a camel through a desert. Dhola is riding the camel
Read MoreManufacturing Processes Lab: CNC, Welding, Casting, and Lathe Operations
CNC Laser Cutting Machine Operations
Study of CNC Laser Cutting Machine
Objective
To understand the working principle, components, and operation of a CNC laser cutting machine.
Apparatus Required
- CNC laser cutting machine
- Design software (e.g., CorelDRAW or AutoCAD)
- Material sheet (wood, acrylic, etc.)
- Safety goggles
Theory
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) laser cutting is a non-contact thermal process that uses a focused laser beam to cut materials with high precision. The laser melts or vaporizes the material,
Read More