AAVE Phonetics, Morphosyntax & Lexicon
AAVE Phonetics
- Monophthongization: [ai] > [a].
- Pin/pen merger: [e] > [i].
- Non-rhotic: r-dropping in postvocalic position.
- [ju:] > [u:]: (e.g., biutiful > butiful).
- Consonant cluster reduction: final consonant disappears (e.g., lift > lif, sand > san, desk > des) (when plural, this does not apply).
- Nasal + voiceless stop preservation: with nasal + p, t, k we do not delete anything (e.g., jump, can’t).
- [ŋ] > [n]: velar nasal (e.g., -ing) realized as alveolar nasal (e.g., jumping,
Practical CSV and Jupyter Data Extraction with Pandas
Case 2 — Data Extraction and Transformation
Basics of CSV & Jupyter
CSV – Comma Separated Values. Commas separate columns; missing values appear as blank entries or NaN. Jupyter Notebook rules – If running a cell in the middle, run all previous cells first. Keep the kernel up-to-date with earlier variable definitions and avoid running cells out of order to prevent NameError issues.
Volatility and Simple Calculations
Volatility: Defined as values above the median; the median splits the distribution
Read MoreAromatic Compounds and Lipid Chemistry Principles
Benzene: Structure and Properties
Benzene is an organic, colorless chemical compound. It is a highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell and a high melting point. The chemical formula of benzene is C6H6; it contains 6 carbons and 6 hydrogens and is classified as a hydrocarbon. It has a boiling point of 80°C and is lighter than water. Natural sources of benzene include volcanoes and forest fires. It is also a natural part of crude oils. Benzene and all compounds that resemble benzene in their chemical
Read MoreGraphic Design Principles: Visual Communication and History
What Is Graphic Design?
Graphic design is visual communication. It is not only about being visually attractive but also about telling a story and transmitting a message. It uses images, typography, and color to inform, move, or persuade the audience. For this reason, design is often described as storytelling. Graphic design guides the viewer’s eye.
The Power of Images (Roland Barthes)
Images have strong symbolic and emotional power. According to Roland Barthes, images communicate on two levels:
Studium
Studium
Read MoreBusiness Statistics: Central Tendency Measures and Data Insights
Business Statistics: Data-Driven Insights
Business statistics are vital for informed decision-making, performance evaluation, and risk management. They utilize data analysis to provide insights into market trends, customer behavior, and operational efficiency. The scope is broad, covering areas like forecasting, production planning, marketing analysis, and financial modeling, helping businesses make strategic plans based on data rather than intuition.
Importance of Business Statistics
- Informed Decision-
Comparing Management Styles and Change Readiness
Compare Imposing and Involving Management Styles
Conditions of Use:
Imposing Style
It is used when needs are clear and the change is technical in nature. It is common in crisis situations, under high stress, or when there is lack of time. It is suitable when the issue has low importance for the employees.
Involving Style
It is applied when needs are not clearly defined and the problem is open. It is used when there is no immediate time pressure, results can be seen in a longer time perspective, and the
TikTok Act: National Security and Constitutional Scrutiny
National Security Assessment & Constitutional Questions Surrounding the TikTok Act
Introduction
TikTok’s American future has become a controversy exposing deep tensions between constitutional balance, free speech, & national security. Two interrelated claims organize this debate. First, there are legitimate national security reasons for changing Americans’ relationship with TikTok, & the course materials R biased toward this claim. Second, George Washington & James Madison would
Read MoreCombinational Logic Circuits: Demultiplexers, Decoders, Encoders, Comparators, and Converters
Combinational Logic Circuits Fundamentals
This document details several fundamental combinational logic circuits: Demultiplexers (DEMUX), Decoders, Encoders, Comparators, and Code Converters. These circuits perform data distribution, decoding, encoding, comparison, and conversion without using memory elements.
1. Demultiplexer (Data Distributor)
A Demultiplexer (DEMUX) is a combinational logic circuit that takes one input and distributes it to one of many output lines. The selection of the output line
Read MoreTaste and Vision Neuroscience: Gustation, Retina & Cortical Pathways
Chemical Senses: Taste (Gustation)
Function of Taste
- Identify nutritious substances (e.g., sugars, proteins, salts).
- Avoid toxins and poisons, often detected as bitterness.
- Taste is distinct from olfaction, but both are chemical senses.
- Helps evaluate food after ingestion (versus olfaction, which acts at a distance).
Anatomy and Pathway
- Taste starts on the tongue in taste buds containing taste receptor cells.
- Taste receptor cells are not neurons; they do not fire action potentials but release neurotransmitters.
Royal Ceremonies and Authority in Medieval Spain and France
Visigothic and Carolingian Royal Ceremonies
Compare royal proclamation and inauguration ceremonies of the Visigothic Monarchy and the Carolingian Empire, focusing on the role of the Church and the sources of royal legitimacy. Both the Visigothic and Carolingian monarchies developed complex inauguration ceremonies that reflected evolving sources of royal legitimacy, with the Christian Church playing an increasingly central role.
The Visigothic proclamation was a multi-stage process that blended Germanic
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