Statistics Essentials: Mean, Regression, Events & Sampling
Measures of Central Tendency
Explain measures of central tendency.
- Mean: The average value, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of observations.
- Median: The middle value when data is arranged in order; useful for skewed distributions.
- Mode: The most frequently occurring value in the dataset.
Regression and Regression Equations
Describe regression and types of regression equations
Regression models the relationship between a dependent variable (y) and one or more independent variables
Read MoreClose Reading, Literary Devices, Myth, and Critical Theories
Close Reading and Interpretation
Close Reading: Deep analysis of a text (novel, poem, film, song, image) focusing on word choice, literary devices, structure, and themes. The goal is to study a text carefully, make an evidence-based interpretation, and support claims with key moments (“proof”).
Death of the Author
Death of the Author: Roland Barthes (1967) argues that meaning belongs to the reader, not the author; the author’s intention is irrelevant or unreliable, and all interpretations are valid
Read MoreKey Features of Effective Classroom Discussion and Learning Support
Features of Classroom Discussion
Interactive Learning and Active Involvement
Classroom discussion is an interactive technique that promotes student thinking, participation, and collaborative learning. One of its major features is the active involvement of learners. Instead of passively listening to the teacher, learners share ideas, opinions, and interpretations on a given topic. This helps them construct knowledge rather than merely receive it.
Exchange of Viewpoints and Critical Thinking
Another key
NPO Management and Hong Kong Social Welfare History
Non-Profit Organization (NPO) Fundamentals
Defining NPOs and Their Characteristics
From an academic viewpoint, NPOs exhibit the following characteristics:
- Organized: Structured operations and governance.
- Private: Institutionally separate from government.
- Non-Profit Distributing: Surplus revenue is reinvested, not distributed to owners or directors.
- Self-Governing: Able to control their own activities.
- Voluntary: Relying significantly on voluntary participation and contributions.
NPO Functions and Impacts
The
Read MoreFundamentals of Genetics, DNA and Biotechnology
Genotype and Phenotype
Genotype: genetic constitution of an individual character or referring to a whole set of genes (e.g., AA, Aa).
Phenotype: external expression of the genotype. The phenotype is the property that presents in the individual (e.g., yellow, green).
Alleles: each of the variants of a gene. For each gene, the individual has a pair of alleles, which are commonly represented with a letter: A (dominant), a (recessive).
Heterozygous: an individual who carries two different alleles (e.g.,
Read MoreApplied Linguistics Research: Key Concepts and Empirical Study Elements
1. Linguistic Field Scope
Linguistics is an inter- and multidisciplinary field of research with a wide scope.
2. Empirical Paper Interpretation
Which of the following sections of an empirical paper interprets the findings of the study? Discussion
3. Professional Networks in Applied Linguistics
Which one of the following is part of the professional networks for the dissemination of knowledge in Applied Linguistics? All of the above
4. Modern AL Concerns
Choose the option that best completes the following
Read MoreAxolotl: Mexican Icon of Regeneration and Survival
The Axolotl: Mexico’s Unique Symbol
The axolotl is one of Mexico’s most unique and symbolic animals. Known for its appearance and its special abilities, it plays an important role in Mexican culture, scientific research, and environmental discussions. Even though it is small, it represents big ideas such as identity, survival, and the need to protect nature.
Cultural Significance in Aztec Heritage
The axolotl has a strong cultural meaning in Mexico. In Aztec mythology, it was connected to the god
Read MoreSocial Identity and Diversity Terms with Examples
Social Identity & Diversity Terms with Examples
Asexuality — Lack of sexual attraction to others. Example: Someone who enjoys close friendships but does not feel sexual desire toward anyone.
Banal Nationalism — Everyday reminders of nationhood that unconsciously reinforce national identity. Example: Flags on government buildings; “domestic vs. international” news categories.
Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) — Tool measuring identification with masculine and feminine traits. Example: A person
Read MoreCore Concepts in Rationalist Epistemology
Self-Mastery and the Control of Desire
The core idea is self-conquest. This concept suggests that our mind naturally desires things that are possible to obtain or create, and does not dwell on impossible things. It is necessary to alter or change our desires before attempting to change the order of the world, because the only things truly in our hands are our desires and thoughts. Everything else is beyond our powers. Since happiness is the desire to avoid suffering, the fewer desires we have, the
Read MoreCore Marketing Concepts and Tourism Terminology
Core Marketing Concepts
Marketing: The process of creating, communicating, and delivering value to satisfy customer needs profitably.
Fundamental Needs and Desires
- Needs: Basic human requirements such as rest, safety, or belonging.
- Wants: Shaped by culture and personality; how people choose to satisfy their needs.
- Demand: Wants backed by purchasing power and willingness to pay.
Customer Relationship Metrics
- Customer Value: The difference between perceived benefits and total costs.
- Customer Satisfaction: