Revolución Rusa y el Ascenso de los Totalitarismos
1. La Rusia zarista
A comienzos del siglo XX, Rusia era una autocracia gobernada por el zar, con poder absoluto y sin libertades políticas. Era un país atrasado, mayoritariamente agrario y con grandes desigualdades sociales: una minoría de nobles y una gran mayoría de campesinos pobres. La industrialización fue lenta y concentrada en las ciudades, lo que provocó el nacimiento del proletariado y de movimientos obreros. Surgió una oposición política, destacando el Partido Socialdemócrata,
Read MorePython File I/O, Strings, Control Flow and Data Structures
Python File I/O, Strings, Control Flow and Data Structures
File Input Examples
infile.read(1)
'T'
>>>>
infile.read(5)
'he 3 '
>>>>
infile.readline()
'lines in this file end with the new line
character.\n'
>>>>
infile.read()
'\nThere is a blank line above this line.\n'
>>>>
infile.close()File Output Examples
outfile = open('test.txt', 'w')
>>>>
outfile.write('T')
1
>>>>
outfile.write('his is the first line.')
22
>>>>आधुनिक व्यवसाय में प्रबंधन का महत्व और सिद्धांत
आधुनिक व्यवसाय में प्रबंधन का महत्व
आधुनिक व्यावसायिक जगत में प्रबंधन के बढ़ते महत्व की सविस्तार व्याख्या कीजिए।
प्रस्तावना
आधुनिक युग प्रबंधन का युग है। किसी भी व्यवसाय की सफलता या विफलता
Evidence Act: Complete Table of Sections and Chapters
Sections
1. Short title, application and commencement.
2. Definitions.
Part II
Chapter II
Relevancy of Facts
3. Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts.
Closely Connected Facts
4. Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction.
5. Facts which are occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue or relevant facts.
6. Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct.
7. Facts necessary to explain or introduce fact in issue or relevant facts.
8. Things said or done by conspirator in reference
Read MoreBusiness Structures: Classification and Legal Forms
Business Classification
Staff Numbers
- Micro
- Small
- Medium
- Large
Activity
- Commercial products
- Services
Scope
- National
- Multinational
Ownership and Sector
Depending on the economic sector and the ownership of productive factors:
- Private
- Public
- Mixed
The Company and Its Legal Form
Individual Enterprise
The owner is a natural person entitled to act, who owns the assets and assumes all responsibility.
Characteristics:
- Realization of economic activity.
- Development of a regular and professional activity.
- Carrying out an activity
Globalization: Causes, Effects and Major Economic Powers
What Is Globalization?
What is globalization? It refers to the process of increasing interdependence of the world’s economies and societies.
Characteristics of the Globalized Economy
- Huge expansion of international trade
- Business concentration — firms merge to become more competitive
- Global organization of production — companies distribute phases of production among different locations to save money. This is called outsourcing.
- Large multinational companies — they have an international dimension
Sedimentary Structures & Rocks: Types, Indicators and Depositional Features
Unit 3a: Sedimentary Structures
Definition
Sedimentary structures are physical features formed during or just after deposition of sediments.
They give information about:
- Depositional environment
- Direction of current
- Energy conditions
- Younging direction of strata
1. Bedding
Bedding refers to layering in sedimentary rocks. Each layer is called a bed. Beds form when one layer of sediment is deposited over another. Bedding planes separate beds of different composition, texture, or color. Thickness of beds is
Read MoreLeadership Theories, Traits, and Influential Models
Trait Theories
Trait Theories — the assumption that great men, or great leaders, were born that way.
Big Five (Trait Theory)
The Big Five (Trait Theory) — the importance of leadership traits is reflected in the five-factor model of personality.
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Conscientiousness
- Emotional stability
- Openness to experience
Leaders must recognize the importance of having an appropriate mix of the Big Five traits, because an overreliance on any one trait can result in less than optimal personal
Read MoreReact useEffect Patterns for Reliable Side Effects
🧠 useEffect Cheat Sheet (Beginner → Confident)
1️⃣ What is useEffect? (Plain English)
useEffect lets you run side effects in a React component.
👉 Side effects = things that are not UI rendering.
- Fetching data
- Calling APIs
- Using
localStorage - Timers (
setTimeout,setInterval) - Event listeners
- Updating the document title
Rule of thumb:
If it touches the outside world, it belongs inuseEffect.
2️⃣ Basic Syntax (Memorize This)
useEffect(() => {
// side effect code
}, [dependencies]);
📌 Two parts:
Read MoreIndustrial Revolution Impacts: Economic, Social, Demographic & Environmental Effects
Industrial Revolution: Key Consequences
Economic Consequences
The Industrial Revolution had deep economic, social, demographic, and environmental consequences. Economically, production increased enormously. Goods were produced faster, more cheaply, and in larger quantities. This led to the creation of factories, rapid economic growth, and the development of the banking system. Capitalism became the dominant economic system, and colonialism expanded to obtain raw materials and markets.
Social Consequences
Social
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