Criminological Theories and Property Crime Prevention Strategies
Policy Evaluation and Decision Making
It is regrettable (e.g., concerning a program in a neighborhood or a law regarding gender violence) if the former is positive or, conversely, if one must reject the measure and propose alternatives to it.
5. Theories of Property Crime
Any theory of crime against property must be based on a hypothesis about the social dispersion of crime. There are two opposing versions:
The “Rotten Apples” Hypothesis
This theory suggests that a few individuals engage in antisocial
Fundamentals of Operating Systems: Architecture and Concurrency
Chapter 1: Introduction to Operating Systems
Components of a Computer System
A computer system consists of four essential components:
- Computer Hardware: CPU, memory, I/O devices.
- Operating Systems (OS)
- Application Programs: Word processors, compilers, web browsers.
- Users: People utilizing the machines.
Operating System Functions and Definition
- User Goals: Users prioritize ease-of-use and performance.
- Server Goals: Servers focus on balancing resource allocation.
- Smartphone Goals: Optimization for usability.
Global Economic Structures and Business Classification
Business Classification and Enterprise Types
Defining Business Types
- Small and Medium Companies (SMEs): Usually refers to smaller businesses.
- Companies/Enterprises: Generally refers to bigger businesses.
Classification Criteria
According to Size (Employees)
- Small: Less than 50 employees.
- PYMES (Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas): 50 to 250 employees.
According to Capital Ownership
- Public companies
- Private companies
According to Social Organization
- Public Licensed Companies / Sociedad Anónima (S.A.)
- Limited Companies
The 17th Century: Crisis, Revolution, and the Age of Baroque
The European Economy in the 17th Century
Economic growth stagnated. Manufacturing and commerce declined, particularly in Southern Europe.
Causes of Economic Stagnation
- The Thirty Years’ War.
- A food crisis caused by stagnant agriculture.
- The spread of the Black Plague.
Impact on Agriculture and Population
- Agriculture: Constant wars caused a shortage in farm labor. There was a general decline in temperatures, which also hurt crops.
- Population: Europe’s population grew at a very slow pace.
The Thirty Years’
Read MoreMastering Databricks: Key Concepts and Features
🌐 Databricks Basics
What is Databricks?
Cloud platform for storing, processing, and analyzing data.
Built on Apache Spark → fast, scalable.
Lakehouse = one place for data lake + warehouse + ML.
Used for ETL, streaming, AI/ML.
Persist data (very important idea):
In-memory DataFrame dies when the cluster stops.
Persisted data = saved as Delta / Parquet / tables → survives cluster restarts.
Cluster = compute
A cluster = group of machines that run notebooks & jobs.
Notebooks & magics
Languages: Python,
Understanding External Influences on Consumer Behavior
1. Explain What External Influences on Consumer Behavior Are
External influences are factors outside an individual that shape their buying decisions. These include:
- Cultural Factors: Values, beliefs, and customs that define acceptable behavior.
- Social Class: Income, occupation, and education influencing preferences and purchasing power.
- Reference Groups: Friends, family, or celebrities who affect attitudes and product choices.
- Situational Factors: Physical environment, time, and occasion of purchase.
Data Structure Algorithms: BST, Sort, and CLL Operations
Binary Tree Insertion
- ptr = ROOT, flag = FALSE
- While (ptr != NULL) and (flag = FALSE) do:
- Case: ITEM < ptr→DATA
- ptr1 = ptr
- ptr = ptr→LCHILD
- ptr1 = ptr
- ptr = ptr→RCHILD
- flag = TRUE
- Print “ITEM already exists”
- Exit
- new = GetNode(NODE)
- new→DATA = ITEM
- new→LCHILD = NULL
- new→RCHILD = NULL
- If (ptr1→DATA < ITEM) then
- ptr1→RCHILD = new
- Else
- ptr1→LCHILD = new
- EndIf
Binary Tree Deletion
- ptr = ROOT, flag = FALSE
- While
Understanding Language Education: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Language Education as an Academic Discipline
Language education is a scientific discipline related to the social sciences (one of the five major branches of knowledge). It is an interdisciplinary field based on other areas with a longer history, such as applied linguistics, psychology, and pedagogy. It’s one of the so-called “specific didactics” that are usually part of the departments of Education Sciences in universities and the scientific system in our country.
It is important to note that this
Unique Birthday Traditions Around the World
Understanding Birthday Traditions Worldwide
Although birthday traditions are quite similar in some countries today, not everyone celebrates in the same way. There are numerous traditions surrounding birthdays, some of which are described below. Family history, culture, language, and economic status are all details that affect the way a person observes the anniversary of their birth. Two of the most significant factors throughout history, however, have been geographic location and spiritual belief.
Read MoreFundamental Concepts in Physical Science and Geology
Matter and Atomic Structure
- Matter and Space
- Material occupies space. Inertia is often cited as the cause of gravity or motion.
- Material Body
- The material body is a form of matter with defined limits, representing its own material system.
- Atoms
- Atoms are formed by a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and an outer shell where electrons continuously spin around the core.
- Ions
- Ions are atoms that acquire a net electric charge.
- A Positive Ion (Cation) is an atom that loses electrons, acquiring a net positive