Mastering Business Processes, Competitive Strategy, and Advanced Excel Data Analysis
Module 1: Business Process and Competitive Advantage (20%-30%)
Understanding Business Processes (BP)
Definition of a Business Process
A sequence of activities that a company performs to achieve a specific goal. These activities can be automated or manual, and they are organized in a specific order to ensure efficiency.
Example: Order fulfillment process.Business Process Management (BPM)
BPM is a technique for optimizing processes that businesses employ to perform tasks, serve customers, and generate
Maximizing Product Appeal Through Strategic Packaging Design
Packaging for Transport and Sales Success
A good packaging helps our products arrive intact at the point of sale. If packaging is strong, resistant, and safe, it will help ensure that our product doesn’t suffer damage and will also attract the client’s attention. When you see beautiful packaging, your focus is on that product, and the others (the competition) cease to exist. Thanks to good packaging, consumers remember your brand and your product because it is the first thing they see when they go
Read MoreThe Foundations of Modern Spain: Nationalism, Labor, and the Restoration System
Batzokija: Foundational Statutes of Basque Nationalism
Location and Classification
This document is a historical primary source authored by the Arana brothers, Sabino and Luis, though Article 2 of the statutes credits only Sabino. Addressed to the members of the *Euskeldun Batzokija* association, it establishes the group’s foundational ideas and purpose. Published in the nationalist newspaper *Bizkaitarra*, these statutes mark the ideological and organizational beginnings of Basque nationalism,
Read MoreGlobal Economic Sectors: Industry, Energy, and Tourism
Tourism Sector
Tourism is the movement of people from their home to another destination for recreational purposes. A tourist is a person who travels and stays outside of their place of residence for more than 24 hours.
The tourism industry is formed by:
- Transport
- Hospitality industry
- Travel agents
- Banks and insurance companies
To become a tourist destination, a region needs to have a good transport infrastructure, political stability, and tourist attractions (such as natural parks and beaches).
Impacts
Read MoreThe American and French Revolutions: Birth of Modern Democracies
The Independence of the United States
The Thirteen Colonies
The first English settlers arrived in North America in 1607 and established their first colony: Virginia. By the middle of the 18th century, there were already thirteen colonies, often collectively referred to as New England.
The population of North America included approximately 1,300,000 white people of European origin, whose social differences were generally lower than those in Europe, and 350,000 black people, mainly slaves, who worked
Read MoreThe Fall of Franco: Opposition Movements and the End of the Dictatorship (1939–1975)
Opposition to the Franco Regime
Postwar Opposition (1939–1959)
After the war, opposition groups, primarily driven by the PCE (Spanish Communist Party), continued their activities. The Maquis operated between 1944 and 1949, hiding in major mountain ranges. They attempted to incite the population against Franco and even prepared an invasion from France through the Aran Valley, hoping for support from democratic nations. This invasion ultimately failed, and the groups were dismantled by 1949. Political
Read MoreOliver Twist: The Climax and Final Chapters (46-53)
The Climax and Resolution of Oliver Twist
Chapter 46: Nancy’s Sacrifice
Nancy meets Mr. Brownlow and Rose Maylie on London Bridge and leads them to a secluded spot. Noah Claypole overhears Nancy beg them to ensure that none of her associates get into trouble because of her choice to help Oliver. They agree, and Nancy tells them when they will most likely see Monks visiting the public house. They hope to catch Monks and force the truth about Oliver from him. Nancy’s description of Monks startles
Read MoreDefining Modern Kinship, Adoption, and Reproductive Practices
Transnational Adoption and Kinship Terms
Transnational Adoption
Transnational and domestic adoption are methods for creating the most intimate forms of relatedness, yet this process is explicitly framed and structured by global relationships, particularly the political and economic relations between countries and regions. Occasionally called prohijamiento (making into one’s child). This child care arrangement involves a couple adopting a child of a different nationality across borders. It must meet
Read MoreIPE Theories and Global Economic Structures: Mercantilism to Modern Inequality
Mercantilism: Central Idea, History, and Neo-Policies
The central idea of mercantilism is that economic activity is a tool of state power, and wealth should be accumulated to strengthen the state in a competitive international system. For mercantilists, the economy is not an autonomous sphere but subordinated to politics: trade, production, and finance are instruments to enhance national security, sovereignty, and power. This contrasts with liberalism, which emphasizes cooperation, or Marxism, which
Read MoreThe Economics of Education: Human Capital and Policy Debates
1. Education and the Economy
Education is an investment in human capital, which increases productivity, income, and economic growth.
Economists use models and data to simplify reality. As highlighted by Borges (“On Exactitude in Science”), attempting to copy reality perfectly renders the model useless; models simplify to explain complex phenomena.
Education functions as both a private good (benefiting the individual) and a public good (benefiting society).
Students act as both consumers (choosing
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