Essential English Irregular Verbs: A Quick Reference

Essential English Irregular Verbs

Here’s a list of common English irregular verbs, with their base form, past simple, and past participle forms:

  • Agitar: shake-shook-shaken
  • Alimentar: feed-fed-fed
  • Apostar: bet-bet-bet
  • Aprender: learn – learnt- learnt
  • Arrojar, tirar: throw-threw-thrown
  • Arruinar: spoil-spoilt-spoilt
  • Barrer: sweep-swept-swept
  • Beber: drink-drank-drunk
  • Brillar: shine-shone-shone
  • Caer: fall-fell-fallen
  • Cantar: sing-sang-sung
  • Cavar: dig-dug-dug
  • Cerrar: shut-shut-shut
  • Coger: catch-caught-caught
  • Coger,
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18th-Century Literature: Exploring Virtue in Pamela and Joseph Andrews

Virtue in 18th-Century Literature: Pamela and Joseph Andrews

The Rise of Virtue and the Novel

The 18th century witnessed a significant shift in societal values and morality, impacting the development of the novel. A renewed interest in classical ideals and urban life coincided with the rise of sensibility in literature. This era transitioned from libertine themes to portrayals of proper, respectable behavior, introducing the figures of the proper lady and the sentimental hero/heroine. Mid-century

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German Federal Government: Chancellor, Ministries & Judiciary

German Federal Executive & Administration

Chancellor’s Political Role

It should be remembered, however, that the Chancellor’s position of preeminence also entails political obligations beyond constitutional duties. The Chancellor must safeguard the balances required by their position within the party. Therefore, in appointing Ministers and other officials, they must consider proportional distribution among different party wings, the various Länder, pressure groups, genders, religions, and so

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Harnessing Renewable Energy: Ocean, Solar, and Wind Power

What is Ocean Energy?

Ocean energy is a term used to describe all forms of renewable energy derived from the sea.

There are two broad types of ocean energy: mechanical energy from the tides and waves, and thermal energy from the sun’s heat.

Ocean energy is classified as:

  • Wave energy: Generated by converting the energy of ocean waves (swells) into other forms of energy (currently only electricity). There are many different technologies that are being developed and trialled to convert the energy in
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Linguistic Evolution in the Iberian Peninsula: From Latin to Modern Languages

Latin Roots in Hispania

Vulgar Latin came into contact with pre-Roman languages in Hispania. These included Celtic-Iberian and Lusitanian (Indo-European family), as well as Iberian, Basque, and Tartessian (language family unknown). All these pre-Roman languages eventually disappeared, although they influenced the Latin spoken in the region, with the notable exception of Basque, which survived.

Emergence of Romance Languages in Iberia

The Latin brought by Roman soldiers and settlers diversified through

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Chilean Education Reforms: Alessandri to Frei (1958-1965)

Consolidated Schools in Chile

These schools extended from kindergarten to vocational high school, reflecting the agricultural character of their areas with an emphasis on civic education. Students graduated with an intermediate degree and the expertise to begin work practices.

Experimental Secondary Schools

Ríos proposed a plan for the gradual renewal of secondary education, creating:

  • Coeducational Lyceums (High Schools)
  • Programs preparing students with civic values and job skills.
  • Comprehensive training
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Legal Norms: Validity, Applicability, and Effectiveness

Loss of Validity

Legal norms lose validity when:

  • They are repealed.
  • They have a time limit.
  • A provision replaces the rule with different content.

Retroactive and Irretroactive Standards

Irretroactive Standard: Does not apply to past events; has no effect backwards.

Retroactive Standard: Applies to past events. New regulations can have an effect backwards, as determined by the legislature. Art. 9.3 EC 1 states that unfavorable regulations should not be retroactive. Art. 2.2 CP 2 states that criminal laws

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Realism in 19th Century France: Art and Society

Realism in 19th Century France

Realism in France during the 1830s represented a faithful depiction of the real world, focusing on urban environments and the social problems faced by its characters. This critical perspective emphasized accuracy and objectivity, with the author acting as an impartial chronicler.

Naturalism and Its Influence

Naturalist novelists, such as Émile Zola, adapted their language to reflect the material science of their time. Zola introduced the concept of determinism, suggesting

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Understanding General Principles of Law: An Analysis

The General Principles of Law

The law, as formulated in laws or customs, includes certain rules that, without relying on the authority of the state or the interests of a particular social force, possess a normative force considered the most effective foundation for laws and customs. Classical Greece recognized the existence of an unwritten law derived from equity and tradition, thus acknowledging principles and customary law based on jus naturalist. Aristotle referred to these principles when speaking

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Political Parties and Citizen Engagement in Modern Democracies

Political Parties and Citizen Engagement

From exclusive jurisdiction implying that the power to exercise the judicial function corresponds exclusively to the courts and tribunals established by the rules established by the laws of jurisdiction and procedure. The application of the law or its interpretation by judges and magistrates cannot be corrected by others, much as are his superiors in the judicial hierarchy, except in the exercise of judicial power when dealing with resources commensurate with

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