Evolution of Justice Concepts: From Ancient Philosophy to Modern Theories
Generations of Human Rights
Human rights are fundamental moral values and a model for the State’s structure. They are often categorized into generations:
- 1st Generation: Civil and Political Rights – Emphasizing individual liberties, often associated with the Rule of Law.
- 2nd Generation: Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights – Focusing on equality and the role of the social state of law.
- 3rd Generation: Peace, Environment, and Development Rights – Centered on solidarity and mutual cooperation among
Robert’s Childhood: Poverty, Passion, and First Love
Introduction
Reading is a tool for knowledge and learning that helps us understand a literary work, whether it be a book, story, or poem. It allows us to enter it and be a part of it. This report aims to do just that. We will explore the life of a child, his childhood, and how he faced the world, the challenges he overcame, and the experiences that shaped him. We will realize what life is really like in the suburbs and how he had to adapt to new ways of coexistence and expression, ultimately becoming
Read MorePlato’s Theory of Forms and Soul: Knowledge and Reality
Plato’s Theory of Knowledge: Forms and Reality
Plato’s Theory of Knowledge builds upon Socratic principles. It posits that the senses can deceive us, and true knowledge resides in universal, permanent, and stable entities. This contrasts with the ever-changing appearances of the sensible world, emphasizing the distinction between essence versus appearance.
Influences include Heraclitus’s concept of constant flux and Socrates’s pursuit of universal definitions.
Levels of Knowledge and Reality
Plato distinguishes
Read MoreRome’s Baroque Transformation: Papal Patronage & Urban Design
The Duchy of Tuscany in Florence and the Republic of Venice. When the Turks and Islam were advancing, the different states united to fight them.
The Patronage of Arts and Sciences
The **Pope** served as the center of the Catholic world monarchy, the Church.
Clients played an important role, often occupying government positions. These were rich and educated people who were suitable for the decoration of palaces.
Among major patrons, we can name:
- Cardinal Francesco del Monte: Galileo’s first patron, marking
Historical Perspectives: Halloween & Decolonization
The Origins of Halloween
Halloween traces its roots to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, celebrated over 2,000 years ago in what is now Ireland, the UK, and northern France. The Celts followed a calendar that divided the year into two main parts: the light half (spring and summer) and the dark half (fall and winter). Samhain marked the end of the harvest season and the start of winter, a time associated with death and the supernatural. The Celts believed that on the night of October 31, the
Read MoreEuropean Power Shifts: Louis XIV, Mercantilism, and 17th-Century Conflicts
Louis XIV of France: The Absolute Monarch
Louis XIV of France stands as the best example of an absolute monarch. He took control of the government and ruled according to his own wish, without a Prime Minister and without asking advice from the États-Généraux (Estates-General). He viewed himself as the direct representative of God, awarded with a divine right to exert the absolute power of the monarchy.
To illustrate his status, he chose the sun as his symbol. He cultivated the image of an infallible
Read MoreUnderstanding Keats’s La Belle Dame sans Merci
John Keats’s “La Belle Dame sans Merci”
John Keats: A Romantic Poet’s Life
John Keats (1795–1821) was a prominent English Romantic poet. He was one of the main figures of the second generation of Romantic poets and also part of The Cockney School, alongside Leigh Hunt. The early deaths of his father, mother, and brother gave him a premonition of his own early demise from tuberculosis. This profound awareness led to a heightened interest in literature as an escape from the realities and tragedies
Read MoreAviation Airworthiness and Maintenance Regulations
Airworthiness Directives (ADs)
An Airworthiness Directive is a notification to owners and operators of certified aircraft that a known safety deficiency with a particular model of aircraft, engine, avionics, or other system exists and must be corrected.
They are issued by the National Aviation Authority (NAA) of the country of aircraft manufacturer or of aircraft registration. ADs are mandatory in most jurisdictions and often contain dates or flying hours by which compliance must be completed.
Required
Read MorePublic Policy Fundamentals: Cycle, Actors, and Evaluation
Understanding the Policy Cycle
The policy cycle is a framework used to understand and analyze policy making through its distinct stages. Policy issues flow from inputs, such as problem recognition, to outputs, which are the resulting policies.
Stages of the Policy Cycle
- Agenda Setting: Problem recognition and defining issues that require government attention.
- Policy Formulation: The proposal of solutions and development of policy options to address identified problems.
- Decision Making: The choice of
Contemporary Spanish Novel: Post-Franco Literary Trends
The Spanish Novel: From 1975 to the Present Day
The atmosphere of freedom that emerged in Spanish culture after the death of General Franco significantly enhanced the understanding of Spanish literature across Europe and within Spain’s Western literary landscape. This period was marked by the disappearance of censorship, the recovery of works by exiled writers, and a deeper appreciation for narrative forms from other countries.
Below, we briefly outline the main trends in the Spanish novel from 1975
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