Descartes’ Method: Rules, Doubt, and ‘I Think, Therefore I Am’
The Method
Rules guaranteeing the acquisition of clear knowledge.
The fundamental rules of the method are:
1. Rule of Evidence: Accept as true only what is presented with evidence (intuition). This leads to methodical doubt and establishes knowledge as a strict science. In “Principles of Philosophy,” Descartes states we never mislead if we only describe judgments based on clear and distinct knowledge. Error arises from judging before having accurate knowledge; the will can go beyond clarity and distinction,
Read MoreEvolution of Education in Chile: From O’Higgins to Carrera
Bernardo O’Higgins
The issue of education remained consistent. Key aspects:
- 1818: The state takes charge of education.
- Teachers had to apply for their positions.
- 1819: Education regulations established.
This project introduced the Lancastrian method (1821), a mutual teaching system from England. The teacher worked with a small group, training monitors who then taught the rest. This system used rewards and punishments, with vertical communication (only monitors with the teacher). The main advantage was
Read MoreAnalyzing Industry Competition and Strategic Control
Competitive Forces: Entry and Exit Barriers
1. Barriers to Entry: Mechanisms hindering new companies from entering a market.
- Economies of Scale: New entrants need high production volumes to match established companies’ average costs.
- Product Differentiation: Overcoming loyalty to existing products in the market is essential.
- Capital Requirements: Large initial investments create a significant entry barrier.
- Access to Distribution Channels: Favorable conditions are needed for new businesses to sell their
Understanding Forgiveness: A Religious Education Unit
1. Timing
This Didactic Unit will be held in two sessions in mid-course, around the end of February or early March.
2. Aim
A. Curricular Component
Learning Objectives
- Further define the concept of God as a Father always ready to forgive.
- Reflect on the attitude of forgiveness towards others, as a result of God’s forgiveness and mercy.
- Understand the meaning of the sacrament of Reconciliation.
- Assess the importance of repentance and the ability to forgive others.
Communication Competencies
Language
- Understand
Reign of Alfonso XIII: Crisis & Attempts at Reform in Spain (1902-1931)
ITEM 13: The Crisis of the Restoration: The Reign of Alfonso XIII (1902-1931)
1. Attempts at Internal Feedback System (1902-1914)
The first stage of Alfonso XIII’s reign was marked by the spirit of regeneration and change that had spread after the crisis of 1898. A new action followed since the power was called revisionism.
Political Revisionism and its Failure
The political responsibility of Alfonso XIII in the development of events was very high. That is why the opposition to the system resulted,
Read MoreUnderstanding Distributed Systems: Architecture, Features, and Design
Distributed Systems
A distributed system comprises hardware and software elements that communicate via messages, locally or remotely.
Distributed Applications
A distributed application is a software component available on different computers or architectures, providing user interfaces for system interaction.
Key Features of Distributed Systems
Seven essential features characterize distributed systems:
- Heterogeneity: Diversity in hardware, software, and communication components.
- Extensibility: Ability to
St. Thomas Aquinas: Reconciling Faith and Reason
Life and Work: Reason and Faith
St. Thomas Aquinas argues that truth is singular but can be understood through two distinct paths: reason and faith. Reason draws from sensory data, while faith is based on divine revelation. Both are independent yet complementary. Truths of faith, studied by theology, surpass human reason and must be accepted as divine emanations. Conversely, truths of reason, explored in philosophy, are accessible and demonstrable through the human mind. Some truths, like immortality
Read MoreExploring the Mind-Brain Relationship: From Ancient Philosophy to Modern Neuroscience
Philosophy of Mind and Neurophilosophy
The Mind-Brain Problem in Philosophy
The nature of the mind and its relationship to the brain is a central question in philosophy. Throughout history, thinkers have pondered the essence of what makes us human, capable of feeling and thinking – the soul or mind. Various answers have been proposed regarding the connection between soul and body, and how this understanding shapes our view of humanity. Let’s explore some classic authors and their contributions.
Plato
Plato
Read MoreUnderstanding the Pension System in Chile: Key Features and Benefits
The Beginning of the Work of Unaffiliated Workers
According to the provisions of Article 2 of Decree No. 3.500, the start of the work of an unaffiliated worker generates automatic membership to the system and the obligation to contribute to a Pension Fund Administrator.
What Does Membership Mean?
According to Article 2, paragraph two, affiliation is the legal relationship between a worker and the Pension System of Aging, Disability, and Survivorship, which incurs rights and obligations established
Read MoreKant’s Metaphysics: A Priori Knowledge, Synthetic Judgments, and Ethics
1. – The General Problem of Metaphysics
Metaphysics has failed to enter the secure path of science. Unlike other sciences, metaphysics has sought to transcend experience and offer knowledge of entities such as God, the soul, and the world as a whole, from a priori concepts independent of experience.
2. – The Problem of A Priori Knowledge
Since metaphysics seeks to obtain a priori knowledge independent of experience, the answer to the question about its ability to provide answers precedes the question
Read More