Murcia’s Patriotic Schools: Evolution of Primary Education (1784-1860)
1.2. Patriotic School of Letters and Your First Teaching Plan
Since its inception, Murcia’s Economic Society had made great efforts to improve primary education, annually spending large amounts on awards to stimulate teachers and students.
In October 1784, a particular board was formed by members of the society to consider an appropriate teaching plan. They deemed it most urgent to establish a new plan specifying what should be taught in schools and how to implement it. Thus arose the “Plan for Teaching
Read MoreVillanovan Culture: Iron Age Italy and Its Unique Pottery
Villanovan Culture
The Villanovan culture was an Iron Age civilization in northern Italy, in the region that was once the seat of Etruscan culture. The name comes from the type locality, Villanova di Castenaso (near Bologna).
At the end of the second millennium BC (1200 BC), Indo-European peoples arrived on the Italian peninsula, connected to the Sea Peoples. This migration led to changes in the early Iron Age, resulting in the Villanovan culture. A pre-Indo-European fusion with Indo-Europeans occurred,
Read MorePlant Cell Plastids: Types, Structure, and Functions
Plastids are a group of organelles unique to plant cells, varied in shape and size, delimited by a double membrane, and containing circular DNA. All plastids are derived from proplastids, undifferentiated structures present in dividing cells of plant roots and shoots. Depending on the needs of the differentiated cells, proplastids give rise to different types of mature plastids, which can transform from one type to another. All the plastids of a cell are called the plastidome. There are several types |
Tracing Human Evolution: From Early Primates to Homo Sapiens
II.2.2. Human Evolution
Geologists divide Earth’s history into eras, periods, and epochs. Life began about three or four billion years ago. Around 600 million years ago, the first animals large and hard enough to leave abundant fossils appeared. The phylum of chordates, the subphylum of vertebrates, and the superclass of tetrapods were present in the Devonian Period (300-400 million years ago). Mammals appeared during the Mesozoic Era (200-150 million years ago). Towards the late Mesozoic or early
Read MoreWorld War II and Cold War: Causes, Conflicts, and Consequences
Key Terms
- Appeasement: Conciliatory policy pursued by Allied countries towards Fascist powers before World War II.
- Rome-Berlin Axis: Agreements between Germany and Italy before World War II, later joined by Japan.
- Anti-Comintern Pact: 1936 pact between Japan and Nazi Germany against the Communist International (Comintern), aiming to isolate the Soviet Union.
- Afrika Korps: German military force sent to North Africa in 1941 to support Italian troops against the British. Commanded by Rommel, the “Desert
Descartes’ Method: Rules, Doubt, and ‘I Think, Therefore I Am’
The Method
Rules guaranteeing the acquisition of clear knowledge.
The fundamental rules of the method are:
1. Rule of Evidence: Accept as true only what is presented with evidence (intuition). This leads to methodical doubt and establishes knowledge as a strict science. In “Principles of Philosophy,” Descartes states we never mislead if we only describe judgments based on clear and distinct knowledge. Error arises from judging before having accurate knowledge; the will can go beyond clarity and distinction,
Read MoreEvolution of Education in Chile: From O’Higgins to Carrera
Bernardo O’Higgins
The issue of education remained consistent. Key aspects:
- 1818: The state takes charge of education.
- Teachers had to apply for their positions.
- 1819: Education regulations established.
This project introduced the Lancastrian method (1821), a mutual teaching system from England. The teacher worked with a small group, training monitors who then taught the rest. This system used rewards and punishments, with vertical communication (only monitors with the teacher). The main advantage was
Read MoreAnalyzing Industry Competition and Strategic Control
Competitive Forces: Entry and Exit Barriers
1. Barriers to Entry: Mechanisms hindering new companies from entering a market.
- Economies of Scale: New entrants need high production volumes to match established companies’ average costs.
- Product Differentiation: Overcoming loyalty to existing products in the market is essential.
- Capital Requirements: Large initial investments create a significant entry barrier.
- Access to Distribution Channels: Favorable conditions are needed for new businesses to sell their
Understanding Forgiveness: A Religious Education Unit
1. Timing
This Didactic Unit will be held in two sessions in mid-course, around the end of February or early March.
2. Aim
A. Curricular Component
Learning Objectives
- Further define the concept of God as a Father always ready to forgive.
- Reflect on the attitude of forgiveness towards others, as a result of God’s forgiveness and mercy.
- Understand the meaning of the sacrament of Reconciliation.
- Assess the importance of repentance and the ability to forgive others.
Communication Competencies
Language
- Understand
Reign of Alfonso XIII: Crisis & Attempts at Reform in Spain (1902-1931)
ITEM 13: The Crisis of the Restoration: The Reign of Alfonso XIII (1902-1931)
1. Attempts at Internal Feedback System (1902-1914)
The first stage of Alfonso XIII’s reign was marked by the spirit of regeneration and change that had spread after the crisis of 1898. A new action followed since the power was called revisionism.
Political Revisionism and its Failure
The political responsibility of Alfonso XIII in the development of events was very high. That is why the opposition to the system resulted,
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