Key Concepts in Masculinity Studies
1. Hegemonic Masculinity – R.W. Connell (1987, 1995)
Definition: A dominant form of masculinity that maintains male power and is considered the most socially valued. It legitimizes male dominance over women and other subordinate masculinities.
Example: In Western societies, the ideal of a strong, aggressive, heterosexual man (e.g., James Bond, elite athletes) represents hegemonic masculinity.
2. Fortifying Boundaries
Definition: The process of reinforcing social distinctions between groups, often
Read MoreArt, Ethics, and Philosophical Perspectives
Key Aspects of Art
Art is a production-oriented activity involving objects, experiences, and symbolic actions. It’s a type of interview where intuition and technique are highly valued. Key aspects include:
- Creativity: It’s a primary activity involving personal involvement.
- Disciplines: Painting, sculpture, architecture, cinema, dance, music, and literature.
- Technique and Inspiration: Requires both, especially technique.
- Dual Nature: “Art” and “art” can both be beautiful, but the former is generally
Patent and Trademark Rights: Legal Framework in Spain
Contents of Patent Rights
Within the scope of patent rights, and for a limited time, we find the exclusive right to a patented product. The patent may be subject to legal transactions, conveying its ownership or its use, through what is known as a license. A patent can be subject to joint ownership, for example, among several inventors.
Article 15 of the Spanish Patent Law
- Inventions made by an employee during the term of their contract or employment relationship with a company, which are the result
Franco’s Dictatorship in Spain: Characteristics and Evolution
Franco’s Dictatorship: Main Features
Franco’s regime was characterized by the concentration of political power in the person of Franco. He was the head of state, leader of the government, of the sole national party (FET y de las JONS), and the maximum military authority. Membership was unquestionably key to the leadership of the newborn political system after the military victory of 1939. All political institutions were created to advise the leader.
Their ideology was a mixture of theoretical principles
Read MoreUnderstanding Administrative Acts: Types and Classifications
Administrative Act: Definition
An administrative act is a unilateral declaration of particular or general will by an administrative authority within their competence, deciding or judging a matter. Its greatest importance lies in determining the applicable law.
- Act of General Effect: Occurs when a regulation is issued; for example, when the President of the Republic makes rules for the enforcement of tax remission.
- Act with Particular Effect: Occurs when a person is appointed, a promotion is granted,
Complements vs. Adjuncts in English Grammar
Complements vs. Adjuncts (Modifiers)
A complement is a necessary constituent to understand a sentence. The number of complements is established by the meaning of the word they complement (this word may be a noun, verb, adjective, etc.), so it is limited. They also must be immediately attached, either before or after, to the word they complement. If we drop a complement, the sentence becomes ungrammatical. In English, we can find from 0 to 4 complements. An adjunct or modifier is a non-necessary constituent
Read MoreAnglo-Saxon England: Conquest, Conversion, Language
Unit 1: Historical Background
1.1. England Between 449-1066
1.1.1. The Conquest
The Venerable Bede explains that the invasion of Britain began in 449, when the British king Vortigern invited Germanic mercenaries under Hengest and Horsa to help protect Britain from the Picts and Irish. The Roman army had withdrawn from Britain in 410. The invaders came in small bands and spread inland, overcoming British resistance. The newcomers first settled in the south and east of the island, but gradually extended
Read MoreUnderstanding and Achieving True Happiness
Justifying Our Moral Standards
All human beings have moral standards but seldom reflect on their validity. Generally, we identify with moral standards we consider to be right.
A) The Role of Moral Reasoning
We often rely on moral intuition to judge behavior. However, sometimes “we do not see it clearly,” and we are unsure how to judge a particular action. In these situations, intuition based on feeling is insufficient, and we must use rational reflection.
Rational reflection is the ability to move from
Read MoreReligious and Ideological Freedom in Spain
Religious and Ideological Freedom in the Spanish Constitution
Although freedoms are differentiated, the Constitution provides for them jointly in Article 16. While religious freedom has a long history in classical constitutionalism, ideological freedom represents an innovation in the Spanish Constitution. Both freedoms may be regarded as a generic manifestation of freedom of thought; expression also has a long historical tradition.
Defining Freedom of Thought, Ideology, and Religion
Freedom of thought
Read MoreEnvironmental Threats: Toxic Substances, Radiation, Habitat Loss
Other Toxic Substances
Toxic substances are chemicals whose manufacture, processing, distribution, use, and disposal pose a risk to human health and the environment. Most of these toxic substances are synthetic chemicals that enter the environment and persist there for long periods. In areas where chemicals are produced, significant concentrations of toxic substances can accumulate. If these substances seep into the soil or water, they may contaminate the water supply, air, crops, and domestic animals.
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