M/EEG Fundamentals: Hardware, Physiology, and Source Localization
M/EEG Hardware Components and Principles
1. M/EEG Basics
- EEG (Electroencephalography): Measures electrical potential (Volts) via scalp electrodes.
- MEG (Magnetoencephalography): Measures magnetic flux (Teslas) using sensors close to the scalp.
- Invasive Methods: Electrocorticography (ECoG), depth recordings.
- Quote: MEG “sees less but sees better” – David Cohen.
2. EEG Details
Signal Strength and Electrodes
- Scalp EEG: 10–100 µV (peak-to-peak).
- Dura (Brain Surface) EEG: 10–20 mV.
- Electrodes: Silver (Ag)
The Giver: Summary, Themes, and Chapter Breakdown
The Controlled Community: Setting the Stage
The story takes place in an apparently perfect society where there is no war, pain, suffering, or differences between people. Everything is strictly controlled: the weather, emotions, memories, and even people’s life choices. At the age of 12, every child receives their “Assignment,” which is the job they will keep for the rest of their lives.
Jonas and His Assignment
The main character, Jonas, is chosen as the new Receiver of Memory. This position
Read MoreEssential Concepts and Methodologies in Quality Management
Fundamentals of Quality Management
Meaning of Quality
Quality refers to the degree to which a product or service meets customer requirements and expectations. It involves the consistent delivery of products that are free from defects and perform as intended.
Quality Characteristics
These are specific attributes of a product or process that determine its quality. They are broadly classified into:
- Physical – e.g., strength, hardness
- Sensory – e.g., taste, appearance
- Time-oriented – e.g., reliability,
Data Warehousing, Mining, and Advanced Database Security
Data Warehousing and Data Mining Fundamentals
In today’s data-driven world, organizations rely on robust systems not only to store massive amounts of information but also to extract hidden meaning and trends. At the heart of this process are two interrelated disciplines: data warehousing and data mining.
Data Warehousing: Consolidation and Analytics
Data warehousing refers to the process of collecting, storing, and managing large volumes of data from disparate sources into a single, coherent repository.
Read MoreAyurvedic Rasa Shastra: Minerals, Metals, and Bhasma Preparation
रसशास्त्र द्रव्य: पहचान, शोधन और भस्म निर्माण
यह सारणी द्रव्य (Substance), पर्याय (Synonym), खनिजीय पहचान (Chemical/Mineral ID), स्रोत (Source), प्रकार (Type), ग्राह्य-अग्राह्य (Acceptable/Unacceptable), दोष (Defect), शोधन (Purification), और मरण (Incineration/Bhasma) के आधार पर
Read MoreTimelines of Infidelity: A Synopsis of Billie and Othello’s Tragedy
Act 1
Harlem, 1928
Billie and Othello discuss his infidelity with an unnamed white woman.
Harlem, Present: The Breakup
Billie lives in a walk-up at the intersection of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Boulevard in Harlem, NY. She is emotionally and intellectually broken because her husband, Othello, has left her for a white colleague named Mona. Billie is supported by her landlady, Magi, and by Amah, her sister-in-law (her brother Andrew’s wife), while she writes and lives as a shut-in.
Southern US,
Read MoreCybersecurity Fundamentals: Cryptography, Ethics, and Threat Mitigation
Core Cybersecurity Concepts and Threats
ATM Jackpotting: Attack Vectors and Risks
ATM jackpotting shows how attackers control ATM hardware remotely to dispense cash. Key weaknesses exploited include:
- Outdated Windows XP systems.
- Unpatched operating systems (OS).
- Insecure network configurations.
The risk is high due to significant criminal Return on Investment (ROI) and minimal detection rates.
Red Team vs. Blue Team Dynamics
Red Team thinking involves finding weaknesses (offense), while the Blue Team focuses
Read MoreStoic Morning Meditation: Dealing with Others and Finding Inner Peace
Morning Preparation: Dealing with Difficult People
Begin the morning by saying to yourself: I shall meet with the busybody, the ungrateful, the arrogant, the deceitful, the envious, the unsocial. All these things happen to them by reason of their ignorance of what is good and evil.
But I, who have seen the nature of the good—that it is beautiful—and of the bad—that it is ugly—and the nature of him who does wrong—that it is akin to me, not only of the same blood or seed, but that it participates
Read MoreMedieval Transformation: Crisis, Society, and the Rise of Royal Power
Key Vocabulary of Medieval History
- Plowing (Tillage): Preparing land for the first time, bringing it into cultivation.
- Mendicant Order: A religious order that lived by begging in the cities, thus providing an example of a poor and austere life.
- Town Charter: A document granted by the king to the inhabitants of a locality, regulating distribution and living standards.
- Curia Regia (Royal Council): A political assembly that collaborated with the king in the tasks of government and administration.
- Pinnacle:
Understanding Computer Bus Architecture and Performance
Introduction to the Concept of the Computer Bus
Computers require a large amount of information to be managed and processed. To facilitate the flow of this data between various components, specific paths are needed. These “paths” are called buses. They are internal circuitry of the motherboard that allows the sending of data between components. The bus largely defines the speed of the computer itself, because the faster the data is sent, the more operations can be performed per second.
A bus, in computing,
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