Software Engineering Fundamentals: Maintenance, Architecture, and SDLC
Software Maintenance and Evolution
Four Types of Software Maintenance
There are four primary types of software maintenance:
- Corrective: Focuses on fixing errors or bugs in the software (e.g., patching a login failure).
- Adaptive: Involves updating the software to accommodate changes in the environment (e.g., upgrading compatibility for a new operating system).
- Perfective: Enhances the system’s performance or user experience (e.g., optimizing database queries for faster results).
- Preventive: Aims to prevent
Global Insights: Culture, Innovation, and Hidden Histories
A Collection of Insights and Discoveries
The Meaning of Colour and Symbolism
Comprehension Check:
- 1c, 2b
True/False Statements (T/F)
- 2.1. F: “however-modern times”
- 2.2. T: “blood-cheeks”
- 2.3. T: “green jealousy”
Key Concepts
3. Colors have acquired new meanings in modern times.
4. Specific associations:
- 4.1. He/she is angry.
- 4.2. Displaying it signaled wealth and prestige.
- 4.3. It is associated with green.
Vocabulary
5.1. ages, 5.2. ruins, 5.3. reinforces, 5.4. displaying
Bus-Stop Libraries: Promoting
Read MoreComprehensive Personal Data and Lifestyle Questionnaire
Personal Data and Lifestyle Questionnaire (Part 1)
Identity, Health, and Housing Status
- What is your first name? My first name is …………….
- What is your last name? My last name is ………….
- Where were you born? I was born in ……….
- When were you born? I was born on ……….
- What is your ID number? My ID number is ……………….
- What is your address? My address is ……………………….
- What is your home phone number? I don’t have a home phone number.
- What is your cell phone number?
Identifying and Correcting Common Logical Errors in Reasoning
Formal Fallacies: Errors in Syllogistic Structure
Formal fallacies are errors in the structure or form of a deductive argument, making the conclusion invalid regardless of the truth of the premises.
Fallacy of the Undistributed Middle
This fallacy occurs when the middle term of a syllogism is not distributed in either premise, failing to connect the major and minor terms.
Example:
- All dogs are mammals.
- All men are mammals.
- Conclusion: All men are dogs.
Affirmative Conclusion from a Negative Premise
This
Read MoreAnalyzing Poe’s ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’: Vocabulary and Comprehension
Vocabulary and Synonyms for “The Tell-Tale Heart”
- Disturbed, annoyed, troubled: VEXED
- Careful, cautious, leery: WARY
- Boldness, daring, brazenness: AUDACITY
- Withheld, repressed, held back: REFRAINED
- Forcefully, passionately, furiously: VEHEMENTLY
- Smoothness, politeness, fine manners: SUAVITY
- Gestures, wild movements, spasms: GESTICULATIONS
- Scorn, ridicule, contempt: DERISION
- Sharp, sensitive, severe: ACUTE
- Intelligence, smarts, good sense: SAGACITY
Reading Comprehension Questions
- Why does the narrator decide
International Economic Integration, Trade Blocs, and Global Disparities
Mechanisms of Economic Integration
Economic integration mechanisms are based on different convenios (agreements) agreed upon between countries to allow a greater degree of economic cooperation by reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers. Five different stages can be distinguished:
- Area of Preferential Tariffs: Characterized by the reduction of tariffs between two or more countries. These reductions typically cover only a few products.
- Free Trade Area: Characterized by the partial or total reduction
Python Code Snippets for Data Science and AI
# **Program 1:
NumPy
Array Operations**
import numpy as np
arr=np.Array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
print(“Sum of all columns:”,np.
sum(arr,axis=0))
print(“Product of all rows:”,np.Prod(arr,axis=1))
print(“Last two rows and columns:\n”,arr[1:,1:])
arr2=np.Array([[9,8,7],[6,5,4],[3,2,1]])
print(“Element-wise addition:\n”,arr+arr2)
.
.
# **Program 2: Vowel Frequency in Each Word**
sentence=input(“Enter a sentence in lowercase: “)
vowels=’aeiou’
for w in sentence.Split():
print(f”{w}: {sum(w.Count(v) for v in
Key Concepts in Political Philosophy: From Mill to Marx
John Stuart Mill: Life and Philosophy
Life and Works
- Born: May 20, 1806, in London, England.
- Philosopher and Economist: Mill was a prominent philosopher and economist who contributed to the fields of ethics, politics, and economics.
- Major Works: “On Liberty”, “Utilitarianism”, “The Subjection of Women”.
Philosophical Contributions
- Utilitarianism: Mill was a key figure in the development of utilitarianism, which aims to maximize overall happiness and well-being.
- Liberty and Individuality: Mill advocated
Core Concepts of Money, Payments, and Interest Rates
What is Money?
Money is anything generally accepted as payment for goods and services (G&S) or in the settlement of debts.
Key Functions of Money
- It acts as a medium of exchange.
- It is a unit of account.
- It is a store of value.
- It offers a standard of deferred payment.
Money, Income, and Wealth
- Money: A component of wealth.
- Income: A person’s earnings over a period of time.
- Wealth: The sum of a person’s assets minus their liabilities.
Transaction Costs and Specialization
Transaction costs are the costs
Read MoreCore Concepts of Neural Anatomy and Signaling
Nervous System Structure and Function
The Nervous System (NS) maintains body temperature, monitors, integrates, and responds to information in the environment.
Divisions of the Nervous System
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Includes the brain and spinal cord.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Includes cranial and spinal nerves.
PNS Divisions
- Sensory (Afferent) Division: Conveys impulses to the CNS.
- Motor (Efferent) Division: Conveys impulses from the CNS.
- Somatic (Voluntary) System: Serves skeletal muscles.