Core Concepts in Anthropology: Midterm Study Notes and Definitions
ANT100 Midterm Study Notes Sheet
Name: [Your Name]
Fieldwork Definitions and Key Anthropological Ideas
- Anthropology: The holistic, comparative, field-based, and evolutionary study of all humans across all times and places.
- Ethnocentrism: Holding one’s own beliefs, values, ideas, ideals, assumptions as the only true or proper ones. Often described as “a prison for the mind,” limiting growth and change.
- Cultural Relativism: The antidote to ethnocentrism. Understanding others’ ideas relative to their own
Core Machine Learning Definitions: Algorithms and System Design
Core Machine Learning Concepts and Algorithms
Essential Definitions in Machine Learning
- Machine Learning: A field of AI where systems learn patterns from data to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed.
- Find-Specific Hypothesis Algorithm: A concept learning algorithm that finds the most specific hypothesis consistent with the training examples.
- Concept Learning Task: The task of inferring a Boolean-valued function from training examples of inputs and outputs.
- Multilayer Network:
Essential Data Structures: Bags, Stacks, Queues, and Big O
Fundamentals of Data Structures and OOP
Data Structures (DS): Methods for storing and managing data efficiently so it can be reused.
Examples of Data Structures:
- Lists
- Queues
- Trees
- Bags
- Dictionaries
- Graphs
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Principles
- Encapsulation
- Abstraction
- Inheritance
- Polymorphism
Bags: Unordered Collections
A Bag is a finite collection of objects where the order of elements does not matter. Duplicates are allowed.
Examples: Shopping bags, piggy banks.
Core Bag Operations:
addremovecontainscleargetFrequencyOfisEmptytoArray
Protestant Reformation: Causes, Conflicts, and Counter-Reformation
The Protestant Reformation
The Reformation was a religious movement which began in the first half of the 16th century. It instigated the division of the Christian Church and the founding of Protestant churches.
Causes of the Reformation
- The low clergy’s lack of training. The Church hierarchy did not give much importance to the training of its priests and, therefore, many of them did not behave appropriately.
- The bad example set by the high clergy. The majority of those at the top of the hierarchy occupied
English Grammar and Vocabulary Reference Sheet
English Grammar and Vocabulary Reference
Verb Tenses Summary
- Present Simple: Don’t/Doesn’t + base verb (e.g., *work/works*). Questions: Do/Does?
- Past Simple: Didn’t + base verb; Verb + -ed/-irregular (e.g., *worked/went*). Question: Did?
- Future Simple: I will work / won’t + base verb. Question: Will? + subject + base verb (e.g., *Will you work?*).
- Present Continuous: I am/is/are + verb-ing. Negative: I’m not/isn’t/aren’t + verb-ing. Question: Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing?
- Past Continuous: I was/were
Slovak Republic Administrative Structure and Economic Profile
Administrative Division of Slovakia: Structure and Geography
The administrative division of the Slovak Republic (SR) is structured across several levels:
- N1: SR (Slovak Republic)
- N2 Units: Bratislava (BA), West Slovakia (WSK), Central Slovakia, Eastern Slovakia.
- N3: 8 self-governing regions.
- N4: 79 districts.
- N5: 2,891 towns and villages (settlements where people live).
Regional Characteristics
Regarding area size and population:
- Smallest Region (Area): BA
- Biggest Region (Area): BB (Banská Bystrica Region)
Foundational Principles of the U.S. Legal Framework
Foundational Legal Concepts
- Attorney-Client Privilege: Clients’ communications are kept private when seeking legal advice.
- Confidentiality: Client information cannot be revealed.
- Definition of Law: Rules established by the government, enforceable by punishment.
- Legal System Definition: Institutions, procedures, and rules that establish and enforce norms.
- Legal Morality: Just because something is legal does not mean it is morally correct.
- Justice: Fair and impartial treatment to all individuals under
Instructional Methods for Language Acquisition
Product Versus Process
Product Focus
- Stages: Introduce topic, language input, controlled practice, writing.
- Pros (+): Time-efficient; more guidance leads to greater confidence and familiarity.
- Cons (-): Limited creativity; no collaboration; focus solely on the final product.
Process Focus
- Stages: Introduce topic, brainstorm vocabulary ideas, first draft, feedback correction, second draft editing, and presentation.
- Pros (+): Collaboration; clear stages; more holistic development (all skills).
- Cons (-): Time-
J.H. Newman: Consistency of Multiform Truth in Academia and Science
J.H. Newman on the Consistency of Multiform Truth in Academia and Science
A University’s Call for Intellectual Harmony
Cardinal Newman articulates a profound vision for intellectual unity, asserting that diverse fields of study—from theology to geology—must ultimately converge upon a single, consistent truth. He asks scholars to proceed with confidence, even when facing momentary conflicts.
The Request for Neighbourly Speculation and Research
“I am making no outrageous request, when, in the name
Read MoreWorld Wars and the American Century: 1914–1945
World War I: Causes, Conflict, and Consequences
The Four Main Causes of WWI
Explain the significance and key people or parties involved/impacted:
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism (MAIN)
- Nationalism: Pride in one’s national identity. Cultures desired self-determination without foreign interference.
- Imperialism: The process of turning colonies into “empires,” leading to intense competition between nations.
- Militarism: The development of stronger armed forces and weapons in competition with