Core Human Rights Concepts and Contemporary Ethical Debates
Key Characteristics of Human Rights
Natural Rights
Human rights, framed as natural rights, transcend the boundaries of specific laws, customs, or cultural beliefs. Unlike legal rights, they are not contingent on the recognition of any particular authority. Instead, they are often rooted in scriptural, religious teachings, philosophical principles, or what is commonly referred to as “common sense.” This implies that human beings possess inherent rights by virtue of their humanity.
Inviolable
The term
Read MoreLorca, Alberti, Valle-Inclán: Pillars of Spanish Theater & Poetry
Federico García Lorca: Renowned Spanish Playwright
Federico García Lorca is one of Spain’s most famous playwrights. His theatrical production began with The Butterfly’s Evil Spell. Lorca believed theater should serve to raise social awareness and also believed in the poet’s power to transform reality through words. His poetic language, influenced by Valle-Inclán, is central to his work. His plays blend poetry and symbolism, integrating text, set design, music, and dance to create a total Lorcan
Read MoreSpain’s Turmoil: Pavia’s Coup to the 1868 Revolution
Pavía’s Coup and Serrano’s Republic (1874)
The third phase of the First Spanish Republic began with a coup led by General Pavía, who invaded the Cortes (courts) to establish a civil government under military guard.
Serrano Assumes Power
General Serrano assumed power, dissolving the Cortes. He was supported by the army and the Alfonsino party, which advocated for a presidential republic. Power became concentrated in the figure of the President.
Authoritarian Rule and Propaganda
Monarchist propaganda
Read MorePractical English Sentences and Grammar Structures
Example English Sentences
- It is said that New York is one of the safest cities in the world.
- Shall I make the tea for you?
- I can’t stand getting up in the dark.
- If I had known you were coming, I would have met you at the station.
- Last month was drier than this month.
- I took a cookery course so that I was able to make (or could make, or would be able to make) special dishes.
- Although he is very old, he is very active.
- The weather wasn’t good enough for us to go sailing.
- Her parents said that they would take
Spanish Poetry: Social Voice & Experience in the 50s-60s
Spanish Poetry of the Fifties
This period begins around 1955 with two significant books: Pido la paz y la palabra by Blas de Otero and Cantos Íberos by Gabriel Celaya.
Poetry was considered a form of communication addressed to the vast majority, aiming to be a tool for transforming the world.
Characteristics of Fifties Poetry
- It prioritizes the message over the form.
- The language is colloquial, sometimes prosaic.
- Predominant themes include Spain, the denunciation of injustices, work, and freedom.
- The
Key Concepts in Workplace Dynamics and Leadership
Power Currencies (RICE Model)
The RICE model describes different ways people gain influence in conflicts or workplace situations.
- Resource Control: Power derived from possessing valuable resources like money, job positions, or materials. Example: A manager controls promotions or raises, influencing employee behavior.
- Interpersonal Linkages: Power gained through connections with influential people. Example: An employee befriended by the CEO might secure visibility for their team’s projects.
- Communication
Thomas Aquinas: Core Philosophical and Theological Concepts
Theology and Philosophy: Faith and Reason
Contrary to the theory advocated by some Averroists, Thomas Aquinas (TA) posits that there are truths specific to faith (theology), others specific to reason (philosophy), and some shared by both (preambles of faith, such as the existence of God). There can be no contradiction between these two forms of wisdom. In the event of an apparent conflict, faith must prevail as it originates from God’s revelation. Therefore, philosophy is considered the handmaid
Read MoreHuman Biology Key Concepts: Nerves, Muscles, Systems
Nervous System Fundamentals
- Information relay to muscles: Motor neurons relay information from the brain and spinal cord to muscles.
- Neuron resting potential: Approximately -70 millivolts for most neurons.
- Motor neuron conducting zone: Includes the axon.
- Sodium-potassium pump mechanism: Moves ions across the neuron membrane via active transport.
- Resting membrane potential definition: The voltage difference between the inside and outside of a neuron’s plasma membrane.
- Action potential nature: An all-or-
Marxism, Anarchism & The Workers’ Internationals
Basic Principles of Marxism
The doctrines of Karl Marx were based on the analysis of industrial society and stemmed from the outrage caused by the misery of the working class.
Marx and Friedrich Engels published the Communist Manifesto in 1848, which ended with the famous call: “Workers of all countries, unite!”
Marx’s masterpiece, Das Kapital, analyzed capitalist society and its contradictions.
Key tenets include:
- The engine of history is the economy, which has progressed through several stages: slave,
Workplace Motivation: Key Theories and Applications
What is Motivation and Why Does It Matter?
Motivation encompasses the internal and external factors that stimulate people to take actions leading to goal achievement. Motivated workers are crucial for helping a business achieve its objectives effectively. Furthermore, highly motivated staff are more likely to remain with the company, reducing turnover.
Indicators of poor staff motivation can include:
- Absenteeism
- Lateness
- High labor turnover
Key Motivation Theories
Taylor’s Scientific Management
Taylor sought
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