Labor Dispute Resolution and Strike Procedures in Mexico
In Labor Resolutions
Agreements
Resolutions of industrial tribunals are Acuerdos: whether they refer to simple procedural determinations, incidental or interlocutory decisions resolved within or out of court.
Awards
Laudos: when deciding on the merits of conflict. The Board shall render its decisions within 48 hours. The resolutions of the Boards shall be signed by the members and the Secretary, including the place, date, Board to pronounce it, names and addresses of the parties and their representatives,
Read MoreThe Spanish Civil War: From Uprising to Totalitarian State
The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
This war was a tragic and pivotal moment in 20th-century Spain. A clash between traditionalist and progressive forces culminated in a devastating civil war. Both the rebels, led by General Franco, and the Republicans sought foreign aid, internationalizing the conflict.
The Outbreak of the Civil War
On June 17, 1936, the military commander of the Spanish Foreign Legion initiated an uprising against the Republic. General Franco, leading the Army of Africa, crossed
Read MoreRadioactivity and Nuclear Physics: Exploring Atomic Nuclei
X-rays pass through solid materials, can ionize the air, do not refract in glass, and are not deflected by magnetic fields. They are high-frequency electromagnetic waves emitted by energizing the innermost orbital electrons of atoms.
French physicist Henri Becquerel tried to determine whether some elements spontaneously emitted X-rays.
He found that most elements had no effect, except uranium, which produced rays. It was soon discovered that similar rays were emitted by other elements, such as thorium,
Read MoreUnderstanding Earth’s Resources and Processes
Natural Resources
Natural resources are elements provided by nature without human intervention, which can be harnessed to meet human needs. They are classified into two groups:
Renewable Resources
Renewable resources regenerate under suitable conditions in the short term, allowing for human intervention in their reproduction. Examples include flora and fauna.
These resources are replenished through natural processes. Their use does not lead to irreversible decline as long as the consumption rate does
Read MoreAftermath of World War I: Paris Conference and Russian Revolution
The Paris Conference
In 1918, Wilson presented to the United States Congress “Fourteen Points” intended to guide a just and lasting peace. Objectives:
- Abolition of secret diplomacy.
- Freedom of navigation and international trade.
- Arms reduction.
- Division of old empires and recognition of the independence of ethnic and linguistic minorities within these empires.
- Creation of the League of Nations, based on equality between states outside of its power.
These principles were not respected, as the European allies
Read MoreUnderstanding Gears and Mechanisms: Types, Functions, and Applications
Understanding Gears and Mechanisms
Gears: Transmitting Rotational Force
A gear is a component within a transmission device that transmits rotational force to another gear or device. Unlike a pulley, a gear is a round wheel with teeth or cogs that mesh with other gear teeth, ensuring efficient force transfer without slippage.
Geared devices can transmit forces at different speeds, torques, or directions, depending on their construction and arrangement. Gears are versatile simple machines that can mesh
Read MoreEvolution of Peninsular Relief Morphostructures: Geological Eras
Evolution of Relief Morphostructural Peninsular Units
a) Precambrian Archean (4000 – 600 million years)
A band from northeast to southwest emerged from the sea, an arqueda formed by shale and gneiss, occupying almost all of current Galicia. Elevations also arose in individual points of the Central and Toledo Mountains. This Precambrian massif was later eroded and almost entirely covered by Paleozoic seas.
b) Primary or Paleozoic Era (600 – 225 million years)
The Hercynian orogeny took place. From the
Read MoreWorld War I: Causes, Consequences, and Key Events
World War I: A Summary of Events
The Treaty of Versailles and its Conditions
Germany was forced to accept responsibility for the war, cede Alsace and Lorraine to France, and pay reparations for damages caused. Germany also lost other territories.
Territorial Changes in Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria
The Austro-Hungarian empire disintegrated, leading to the birth of Czechoslovakia, which integrated German and Hungarian minorities. Yugoslavia (now Serbia) and Italy gained minor territories, while Romania
Read MoreKey Events in Spanish History: From Monarchy to Republic
Key Events in Spanish History (Late 19th & 20th Centuries)
From Monarchy to Republic and Back
1873: Abdication and the First Republic
The abdication of Amadeo I led to the establishment of the First Spanish Republic, marked by political and social tensions. A military coup in January 1874 dissolved parliament, paving the way for the Bourbon Restoration.
1898: Spanish-American War and Loss of Colonies
The war in Spain’s remaining American and Asian colonies, fueled by independence movements and U.
Read MorePhysical Education Curriculum in Chile
Four Domains for Effective Teaching Preparation
Creating a Positive Learning Environment
Professional Responsibilities
Inclusive Education for All Students
Basic Education Curriculum (NB1 & NB2)
Physical Education (Year 1 & 2)
Fundamental Objectives
- Develop motor skills and body awareness.
- Enhance body management in rhythmic activities and recreation.
- Promote body care and hygiene.
Minimum Content
- Basic motor skills: locomotion, manipulation, balance.
- Gymnastics: basic actions, postural adjustments.