Operating System CPU Scheduling and Memory Management
CPU Scheduling Fundamentals
Preemptive vs. Non-Preemptive Scheduling
Explain the difference between preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling. Connect the four process state transitions with these two scheduling schemes:
- Non-Preemptive: A process runs until it voluntarily gives up the CPU or terminates. This includes transitions like Run → Wait and Run → Terminate.
- Preemptive: A process can be interrupted and moved to the ready state by the operating system. This includes transitions like Run →
Fundamentals of Channel Capacity and Data Coding
Channel Capacity Concepts
Channel capacity is the maximum amount of reliable information that a communication channel can carry, typically expressed in bits per second (bps), with an arbitrarily low probability of error.
There are two primary contexts for channel capacity: one for continuous-time channels and another for discrete-time channels.
Discrete Memoryless Channels
A discrete memoryless channel is defined by:
- An input alphabet X = {x1, x2, …, xn}, which is the set of symbols that can be transmitted
Understanding U.S. Political Terms and Landmark Cases
Key Concepts in U.S. Politics and Government
Essential Political Terminology
Clothespin Vote
The vote cast by a person who does not like either candidate, so votes for the less objectionable of the two.Ideological
A set of opinions or beliefs held by a group or an individual.Prospective Voting
Voting for a candidate based on their proposed ideas for addressing future issues (forward-looking).Retrospective Voting
Voting for or against a candidate or party based on their past performance in office ( Read MoreHuman Digestive System: MCQs and Questions
5 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. The main site of absorption of digested food is:
b) Small intestine
2. The enzyme present in saliva is:
b) Amylase
3. Bile is poured into:
b) Small intestine
4. The correct sequence of the digestive system is:
a) Mouth → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Anus
5. The function of villi is to:
b) Absorb digested food
5 Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)
1. Name the enzyme in gastric juice and its function.
Pepsin; it digests proteins into
CPU Micro-operations & Digital System Data Flow
Register Transfer Language (RTL) Fundamentals
Register Transfer Language (RTL) is a symbolic notation used to describe the micro-operations in digital systems, specifically those involving registers and data movement. It provides a way to express the transfer of data between registers, along with the control conditions that trigger those transfers.
RTL uses arrow notation to represent data transfers. For example, the statement R1 ← R2 indicates that the contents of register R2 are transferred
Global Conflict Dynamics: Interstate & Intrastate War Analysis
Interstate and Intrastate War: Causes & Solutions
This document discusses the major theories of intra- and interstate war, examining their fundamental causes and proposing potential solutions. It also addresses key questions regarding the nature of modern conflict.
Key Questions Addressed:
- How does the Levels of Analysis approach relate to general theories of war? Can these approaches be combined effectively?
- How do concepts such as state failure and ethnic war enhance our understanding of this
Ancient Greek Art & Architecture: A Comprehensive Study
Ancient Greece: Humanism and Historical Periods
In ancient Greece, humanity was considered the axis and measure of all history and fundamental principles. Consequently, great importance was given to the exterior and public life. We can highlight three significant periods in Greek art and culture: Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic.
Greek Architecture: Temples and Orders
In Greek architecture, the temple is the most emphasized edifice, characterized by several key features:
- A gable roof
- A *pediment*
19th Century Global Transformations: Society, Politics, and Empire
19th Century Global Transformations
The political landscape in the United States, marked by the discrimination against the Black population through segregationist policies, influenced the configuration of both the Republican and Democratic parties. Concurrently, U.S. overseas imperialism launched an expansionist policy in the Pacific, establishing control over Hawaii, the Philippines, and Guam. In the Caribbean, it gained control of Cuba and Puerto Rico following the Spanish-American War in 1898,
Read MoreMastering Past Simple: Verbs, Negatives, Questions
Mastering “Was” and “Were” in English
Positive Statements with “Was” and “Were”
Use was with I, he, she, it. Use were with we, you, they.
Example: Last year, Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now.
Example: Those shoes are nice. Were they expensive?
Negative Forms with “Was” and “Were”
Use was not (wasn’t) with I, he, she, it.
Use were not (weren’t) with we, you, they.
Questions with “Was” and “Were”
Form questions by placing was or were before the subject.
- Was I / he / she / it…?
- Were we / you / they…?
Example:
Read MoreEnglish: A Global Language and Its Importance in India
English: A Global Language
English is widely considered a global language due to its extensive use in various fields like business, science, technology, and international relations. Its prominence is a result of historical factors, including the British Empire’s expansion, and its adoption as the language of international communication and commerce. While it’s not an official language in most countries, English is the most commonly taught foreign language and is used in international organizations
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