Portfolio Management: Markowitz, CAPM, CML, APT & Returns
Key Topics
- Portfolio Management – Concept and Markowitz Model
- Portfolio Selection – Capital Market Line, Security Market Line, Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory
- Portfolio Performance Evaluation – Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen Models
To provide a helpful overview, I can explain the core concepts of each section.
💰 Portfolio Management Concepts
Portfolio Management and Markowitz Model
- Portfolio Management: The art and science of making decisions about investment mix and policy,
Gabriel García Márquez — Magic Realism and Narrative Techniques
Gabriel García Márquez and Context
Gabriel García Márquez was born in Aracataca (Colombia) in 1928. He belongs to a group of writers of the 1960s and combined his journalistic activity with writing short stories and novels. His summit was his novel One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967). He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1982.
Key Elements of the Latin American Novel
The most significant elements often found in Latin American novels include:
- Magic realism
- Incorporation of the subconscious
- Incorporation
Liquid Bore & Elastic Bellows Manometers, PAM and SPM Uses
Liquid Bore Manometer (LBM)
Definition
A Liquid Bore Manometer (LBM) is a type of manometer used to measure small pressure differences of gases or liquids. It consists of a uniform narrow glass tube (bore) partially filled with a manometric liquid (usually mercury or a colored liquid).
Construction
- A long, uniform bore glass tube bent into a U-shape or inclined form
- Filled with manometric liquid
- One end connected to the pressure source
- Other end open to the atmosphere (or connected to another pressure
Origins and Biochemistry of Life: Key Concepts for Exams
Origins and Composition of Life (Ch. 1, L2)
Origins
- Earth formed: ~4.54 billion years ago (bya) (textbook consensus).
- Prebiotic world: before life emerged (~4.5–3.5 bya), the atmosphere contained H₂O, N₂, CO₂, CH₄, NH₃, SO₂, with energy from lightning and UV radiation.
- First evidence of life: ~3.5 billion years ago.
Composition of life
- ~70% water.
- Major dry weight: C, H, O, N (~87%), plus P, S, K, Ca, Mg.
Functional groups (must memorize)
- Amine (can be protonated at pH 7).
- Carboxyl (deprotonated
Indian Tax Residency Rules and Income Incidence
VII. Residential Status and Incidence of Taxation
A. Determination of Residential Status of an Individual (Section 6)
The residential status of an individual is determined for each Previous Year and is purely based on the duration of stay in India. It is separate from citizenship, domicile, or nationality.
The individual can be classified into one of the following three categories:
- Resident and Ordinarily Resident (ROR)
- Resident but Not Ordinarily Resident (RNOR)
- Non-Resident (NR)
Step 1: Check for ‘Resident’
Read MoreMicroeconomics: Taxes, Subsidies, and Utility Maximization
1. Taxes, Subsidies, and Deadweight Loss (DWL)
This topic analyzes how government intervention (taxes or subsidies) affects market equilibrium, consumer surplus (CS), producer surplus (PS), and total efficiency (DWL).
Key Formulas & Concepts
Tax Wedge:
A tax ($\tau$) drives a wedge between the price buyers pay ($P_d$) and the price sellers receive ($P_s$).$P_d = P_s + \tau$
The new equilibrium quantity ($Q_t$) is found where $Q_d(P_d) = Q_s(P_s)$.
Subsidy Wedge:
A subsidy ($s$) also creates a wedge,
ज्ञान, धारणा और पाठचर्या: शिक्षाशास्त्र व अधिगम सिद्धांत
ज्ञान और धारणा के मध्य अंतर
प्रश्न
यह रहा “ज्ञान और धारणा के मध्य अंतर” पर विस्तृत उत्तर — जो B.Ed., शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण या उच्च कक्षा की परीक्षा में पूछे जाने वाले वर्णनात्मक प्रश्नों के अनुरूप है:
प्रश्न
Read MoreMaster English Vocabulary and Grammar Skills
Vocabulary (Plus)
Exercise 1: Literary Genres
- fairy tales
- poems
- video
- novels
- myths
- play
- biographies
- short stories
- history
- translation
Exercise 2: Story Elements
- character
- folk tales
- director
- plot
- ending
- acts
- author
- characters
- setting
- non-fiction
Exercise 3: Phrasal Verbs
- shout out
- takes … back
- ’ll feed back
- go back
- has … moved on
Exercise 4: Sentence Structure and Adverbs
- In the end, it doesn’t really matter what we do. / It doesn’t really matter what we do in the end.
- Have you seen any good films recently?
- We’re off
Gratuity, Pension Tax Rules and Residential Status in India
Q. 4. Give a Detailed Note on the Following
(i) Gratuity
Gratuity is a monetary benefit paid by an employer to an employee in recognition of past service. It is generally paid at the time of retirement, resignation, death, or termination, provided the employee has completed a specified number of years of service.
The taxability of gratuity under Section 10(10) of the Income Tax Act depends on the type of employee:
A. Government Employees (Central / State / Local Authority)
- Gratuity received by a government
Keynesian Multiplier and Fiscal Policy Effects
Keynesian Multiplier Effect
The idea of compensating changes in private demand with changes in public expenditure rests on the Keynesian Multiplier. An increase in public spending increases domestic production, which also increases agents’ disposable income in the economy. In turn, these revenues are used to finance consumer demand and investment, leading to a further increase in production, which generates more income, and so on. Multiplier:
Conclusion 1: Haavelmo Theorem
An increase in government
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