Core Theories of Justice and Ethical Application
Section 1: The Three Approaches to Justice
Justice concerns the distribution of income, wealth, rights, duties, powers, opportunities, offices, and honors.
- Welfare: Utilitarianism
- Freedom: Libertarianism, Kant, Rawls
- Virtue: Aristotle, MacIntyre, Communitarianism
Section 2: Quick Theory Identification (MCQ Clues)
Utilitarianism
- Focuses on consequences.
- Maximizes total welfare or happiness.
- Motto: “Greatest good for the greatest number.”
- Uses cost-benefit analysis; emphasizes efficiency and overall outcomes.
Tax Accounting Principles: Corporate and Partnership Transactions
Exam 1:
(Extensions → 6 months for everyone)
Chapter 2: Statute of Limitations–
1. Normal → 3 years from later of original due date or date filled 2. Omission of > 25% of gross income → 6 years 3. Fraud and/or failure to file → indefinite Trial courts and where appeals go–
1. Must go through the process (Revenue Agent’s Report (RAR), 30-day letter, informal appeal, and 90-day letter) before going to court 2. The tax deficiency must be paid prior to filing in the Court of Federal Claims
Key Concepts in Business Economics and National Income
Joint Stock Company Fundamentals
A Joint Stock Company is a voluntary association of individuals who contribute capital by purchasing shares to carry out business activities on a large scale. It is created under the Companies Act and possesses a separate legal entity from its members. Its main objective is to earn profit efficiently and professionally. The shareholders are the owners, while the Board of Directors manages the company.
Characteristics of a Joint Stock Company
- Separate Legal Entity: It
RBI Supervision, Globalisation Effects and Caste Politics in India
Economics
Reserve Bank of India Supervision
The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functions of banks in several ways:
- Reserve requirements: Commercial banks must hold a portion of their cash as a reserve with the RBI. The RBI ensures that banks maintain a minimum cash balance from the deposits they receive.
- Directed lending and inclusion: The RBI monitors that banks grant loans not only to profit-making business owners and traders, but also to small industries, small-scale cultivators, and small
Automotive Lubrication, Injection Systems & Engine Performance
Objectives of Lubrication
Primary Objectives
- Reduce friction – minimizes resistance between moving parts.
- Minimize wear – protects surfaces from damage and extends component life.
- Dissipate heat – carries away heat generated due to friction.
- Form a protective film – prevents direct metal-to-metal contact.
- Enhance efficiency – reduces energy losses during operation.
Secondary Objectives
- Prevent corrosion – acts as a barrier against moisture and chemicals.
- Seal contaminants out – helps in sealing
Effective Professional English Email Templates
1. Professional Greetings
Saludo:
- Dear Mr./Ms. [Surname],
- Dear [First name], (si el email original era informal pero aún profesional)
- Hello [Name], (informal)
2. Expressing Gratitude
Agradecimiento por el email (siempre funciona):
- Thank you for your message.
- I appreciate your quick reply.
- Thank you for reaching out and for providing the details regarding [topic].
- I appreciate your prompt response to my previous message.
- Thank you for contacting me; I am glad to assist you with this matter.
Conector opcional:
Read MoreThe Power Structure of Franco’s Regime: The Families of the Movement
The Families of the Francoist Regime
Franco relied on the Falange and its partners among the ideological groups called the Families of the Regime.
1. The Falange: From Ideology to Loyalty
The Falange’s Transformation
- In 1939, the Falange was vastly different from what it had been during the Republic.
- Following the unification process of 1937, which removed figures like José Antonio and other deceased leaders, the new party swelled significantly, gaining “600,000 members in the months following the
Essential English Grammar: Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives, and Adverbs
Nouns: Classification and Types
Nouns are fundamental to the English language, and they are typically classified in several ways. Here are the main types of nouns, often grouped into pairs based on what they represent:
1. By Specificity (General vs. Specific)
| Noun Type | Definition | Examples | Key Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Common Noun | A general name for a person, place, thing, or idea. | girl, city, river, car, feeling | Not capitalized (unless at the start of a sentence). |
| Proper Noun | The specific name of a particular person, place, |
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and Korean Security
Three Pillars of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
The three pillars of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) are:
- Non-proliferation: No acquisition or transfer of nuclear weapons.
- Peaceful use: Nuclear-weapon states guarantee non-nuclear-weapon states’ peaceful use of nuclear energy as an inalienable right of all states (Articles IV and V).
- Disarmament: Nuclear-weapon states undertake to pursue negotiations in good faith on nuclear disarmament (Article VI).
The Role of the IAEA Safeguards
Read MoreAdvanced Statistical Analysis and Econometrics in SPSS
Skewness and Kurtosis: Distribution Shapes
What They Measure
- Skewness measures the asymmetry of a distribution around its mean.
- Positive (right) skew: Long right tail—most observations are on the left (e.g., income).
- Negative (left) skew: Long left tail—most observations are on the right.
- Skewness = 0: Symmetric distribution (ideally normal).
- Kurtosis measures tailedness and peakness—how heavy the tails are relative to a normal distribution.
- Mesokurtic: Kurtosis ≈ 3 (normal distribution).
- Leptokurtic: