Descartes’ Philosophy: Rules, Morality, Doubt, and Substance

1. Descartes’ Rules of Method

The first was to never admit anything as true without knowing the evidence that it was, that is, carefully avoiding precipitation and prevention and not including in my judgments nothing more than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly that I had no reason to doubt it.

The second, to divide each of the difficulties I examined into as many parts as possible and into as many as required for its best solution.

The third, to drive my thoughts, starting with

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Economic Policies: GDP, Employment, Inflation, and Redistribution

Types of GDP Critique

  • Political Critique: Insists that regardless of the size and evolution of the national economy as measured by GDP, the sheer magnitude of the GDP is an important fact.
  • Ecological Critique: Consists of indifference to accounting for the natural environment, taking into account that the economy is human action, and that human life is inevitably dependent on the ecosystem. A disregard for nature in the accounts is very dangerous. Economic growth has environmental costs.
  • Gender Critique:
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Native Plants of Spain: Climate and Soil Influence

Landscape Plants in Spain

Oceanic Climate in the Eurosiberian Floral Region

The most characteristic vegetation is deciduous forest, heath, and meadow.

Deciduous Forest

Consisting of tall trees, with straight trunks and large leaves that fall in autumn. The most characteristic species are oak and beech. Under the trees, ferns and mosses grow in a somber mood in the tops of the trees.

  • The heat has been poorly tolerated and requires high humidity. It is well adapted to calcareous and siliceous soils but
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Cell Division, Biodiversity, and Supporting Tissues in Plants

Mitosis

Mitosis is the division of the nucleus. Before starting, the DNA is duplicated to have two identical copies of genetic information. Mitosis seeks to ensure each new nucleus receives a copy of this information.

Phases:

  • Prophase: The DNA condenses and forms chromosomes. The cytoplasm is organized in a system of protein tubules, which are the spindle. At the end of prophase, the nuclear membrane disappears and the chromosomes are free in the cytoplasm. The nucleolus also disappears.
  • Metaphase:
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Virgin of the Councillors by Lluís Dalmau: A Hispano-Flemish Masterpiece

Virgin of the Councillors by Lluís Dalmau

Chronology

From 1443 to 1445.

Style

Flemish Gothic style. Author: Lluís Dalmau. Technique: oil. Support: wood. Location: MNAC.

  1. Perfecting the oil technique
  2. Exceptional degree of detail, unpublished brightness
  3. Absence of movement and use of strong symbolism
  4. Themes: religious, profane, and a great interest in portraiture
  5. Extraordinary thoroughness
  • There is a predominant color in the drawing. It is symmetrical, articulated around the central figure of the Virgin Mary
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Postmodern Society: Impacts on Individual Well-being

Disregard for Saturation

The reason is that there is everything in excess, causing saturation. Values are devalued; the important thing is to have fun while saying nothing, without contributing anything.

Features:

  • The overwhelming frivolity. A kind of socialization of banality and mediocrity.
  • The promotion of human selfishness, lack of solidarity, lack of high ideals, and a drop in values.

This causes some to consider suicide, looking for a quick exit to this accumulation of facts.

A Society Turned Away

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Plant Nutrition: Absorption and Transport of Water and Nutrients

**Thallophyte Organization**

Thallophyte organization refers to a type of organization where there are no tissues or organs, such as in algae and lichens.

**Cormophyte Organization**

Cormophyte organization refers to an organization in which cells are grouped into tissues and organs, such as in Pteridophytes and Spermatophytes.

Cormophytes have organs for nutrition:

  • Roots: for absorption of water (H2O) and mineral salts.
  • Leaves: for capturing light and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2).
  • Conducting vessels:
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Macroeconomics: Key Indicators and Economic Activity

Introduction to Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics focuses on the overall behavior of the economic system, reflected in a reduced number of variables such as production, employment, investment, consumption, and the type of economy. This search image shows the operation of the economy as a whole. Its objective is to obtain a simplified view of the functioning of the economy, but at the same time, it allows us to know and act on the level of economic activity within a country or a group of countries.

Key

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Understanding Legal Personhood: Rights and Obligations

Person: It’s all being (all that exists or can exist) layers of acquiring rights and obligations.

Types of People

  • Natural person: All integers with characteristic signs of humanity without distinction or physical accidents are people visible.

Beginning and End of the Existence of a Natural Person

The existence begins at conception in the womb. Since then, rights can be acquired (e.g., an unborn child already has the right to life). It is considered a birth when the birth attendants are signs of life.

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Nietzsche’s Critique of Western Philosophy and the Will to Power

Nietzsche’s Critique of Western Philosophy

The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche must be framed within the crisis of human reason in the nineteenth century. Western culture, born in Greece, transitioned from myth to logos, entrusting since its beginning in the potential of reason to achieve its intended goals. Reason seemed to give a single meaning to human life. But it was in the nineteenth century when confidence in reason was broken and replaced by pessimism and distrust. Thus, some authors,

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