Macroeconomic Equilibrium: IS-LM and WS-PS Analysis

Posted by admin on Feb 4, 2026 in Economy | 0 comments

IS-LM Model in a Closed Economy

QUESTION 1:

Consider a closed economy defined by the following equations:

• Consumption (C): 200 + 0.4(Y – T)
• Investment (I): 150 + 0.1Y – 1000(r + x)
• Government Spending (G): 250
• Taxes (T): 100 + 0.2Y
• Real Interest Rate (r): 0.05 (Set by the Central Bank)
• Risk Premium (x): 0.02

Equilibrium Output and the IS Relation

To find the IS relation, we start from the goods market equilibrium condition (Y = Z):

Y = [200 + 0.4(Y – (100 + 0.2Y))] + [150 + 0.1Y – 1000(r + x)] + 250

• Calculating

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Database Schema and Advanced SQL Query Solutions

Posted by admin on Feb 4, 2026 in Graphic Arts | 0 comments

Relational Schema Functional Dependencies (FDs)

Person Entity

Schema: person (per_id, name, zip_code, email, gender, phone)

• per_id → name, zip_code, gender
• email, phone → per_id

Skill Entity

Schema: skill (sk_code, title, description, level_type)

• sk_code → title, description, level_type
• title → description

Company Entity

Schema: company (comp_id, address, zip_code, website, industry_group)

• comp_id → address, zip_code, website, industry_group
• website, industry_group → comp_id

Takes Entity (Course

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Analysis of Frankenstein and Romantic Poetry

Posted by admin on Feb 4, 2026 in English Language and Literature | 0 comments

The Narrative Structure of Frankenstein

The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley uses a frame story structure, where three different stories are connected:

1. Robert Walton’s letters begin and end the novel, creating a frame around the main story. Walton is a ship captain writing to his sister about his journey to the Arctic.
2. Victor Frankenstein’s story appears when he meets Walton and tells him about his life, his ambition, and the creation of the creature.
3. The creature’s story is heard within Victor’s

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WBS & RACI (RAM) to Prevent Scope Creep in Projects

Posted by admin on Feb 4, 2026 in Business Administration and Management (BAM) | 0 comments

WBS, RAM (RACI) and Project Controls

Concept	Explanation
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)	A hierarchical breakdown of the project into smaller, manageable parts. Helps clearly define deliverables and prevent unnecessary additions (scope creep). Breaks down work into work packages with estimated time and cost.
Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)	Also called a RACI matrix (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed). Ensures clarity in roles and responsibilities. Reduces confusion in task ownership and

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Chinese Civilization: History, Culture & Major Achievements

Posted by admin on Feb 3, 2026 in Architecture | 0 comments

Chinese Civilization — 16 Marks

Chinese civilization, one of the world’s oldest continuous cultures, developed along the Huang He (Yellow River) around c. 2000 BCE. Known for its dynastic rule, philosophical systems, architectural achievements, writing system, and technological innovations, it has contributed greatly to world heritage.

1. Geographical Setting

• Originated in the fertile Yellow River Valley.
• Expanded to the Yangtze River region.
• Natural barriers like the Himalayas, the Gobi Desert,

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Letter Templates, Article & Short Story Examples

Posted by admin on Feb 3, 2026 in English | 0 comments

Formal Letter (Carta Formal)

Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to inform you about [motivo], which has recently become a matter of concern. Little did I expect that the situation would develop in such an unexpected way, especially considering the information I had previously received. To begin with, […] Despite my efforts to address the issue promptly and follow the correct procedures, the outcome has not been satisfactory. Furthermore, I would like to request [propuesta]. I would greatly appreciate

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Express Authentication Methods: Syntax and Results

Posted by admin on Feb 3, 2026 in Management Computer Engineering and Information Systems | 0 comments

1. Basic Authentication (Stateless)

What it is: A very simple authentication where a username and password are sent in the Authorization header (Base64 encoded). Not safe unless over HTTPS.

Example (express-basic-auth)

const express = require("express");
const basicAuth = require("express-basic-auth");

const app = express();

app.use(
  basicAuth({
    users: { admin: "pass123" },
    challenge: true,
    unauthorizedResponse: "Invalid credentials"
  })
);

app.get("/", (req, res) => {
  res.send(

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Food Economics: Demand, Supply, Elasticity & Population

Posted by admin on Feb 3, 2026 in Economy | 0 comments

Lecture 7: Demand, Supply, Elasticity

Lectures:

Lecture 7: Economic frameworks to study the world food problem — demand, supply, and elasticity.

Demand Curve

The demand curve follows the Law of Demand: as price falls, quantity demanded rises, producing a downward slope. This occurs because of:

• Diminishing marginal utility — less satisfaction from extra units;
• Heterogeneity in demand — different people have different willingness to pay.

The entire demand curve can shift based on changes in consumer

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7 Cs of Business Communication for Legal Professionals

Posted by admin on Feb 3, 2026 in Other subjects | 0 comments

Effective communication is a vital component of business success, especially in the legal and corporate environment. Business communication ensures smooth coordination, builds professional relationships, and supports decision-making. For law students and legal professionals, mastering business communication is essential when dealing with clients, organizations, courts, and regulatory bodies. The 7 C’s of Business Communication—Clarity, Conciseness, Concreteness, Correctness, Completeness, Courtesy,

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Civil Procedure Code: Jurisdiction, Transfer, Decrees & Venue

Posted by admin on Feb 3, 2026 in Law & Jurisprudence | 0 comments

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