Essential Sociological Theories and Concepts
Sex vs Gender
Sex refers to the biological and physiological differences we are born with. Gender refers to the social and cultural expectations of behavior that we learn and perform in society.
Functionalist Theory of Gender (Talcott Parsons)
The Functionalist Theory of Gender (Talcott Parsons) argues that gender differences exist to keep society stable. Women take on expressive roles (care and emotional support), while men take on instrumental roles.
Glass Ceiling vs Glass Escalator
The glass ceiling
Read MoreAnalysis, Antipyretics & Tramadol: Mechanisms and Types
Analysis means breaking something complex into smaller parts to understand it better, identify patterns, find causes, or make decisions. It is used in many fields — business, science, engineering, literature, etc.
In simple terms:
Analysis = Understanding something deeply by examining its components.
🧭 Main Types of Analysis (by Purpose or Field)
1. Qualitative Analysis
Focus: Descriptive and non-numerical data.
Goal: Understand qualities, meanings, and patterns.
Examples:
Interview or survey response
Brian Friel’s Translations: Language, Power, and Irish Identity
Brian Friel’s Play *Translations*
Brian Friel’s play Translations explores how language, education, and history are used as tools of power in nineteenth-century Ireland. Set in a hedge school in Baile Beag, the play shows the effects of British colonialism on Irish identity and culture. Through themes such as language loss, renaming of places, miscommunication, and education, Friel highlights the cultural damage caused by imperial rule.
Language as Colonial Control
Language is central to the play
Read MoreChronic Illness, Aging Population & Ageism Policy Impacts
Chronic Illness, Aging Population & Ageism Policy Impacts
Armstrong (2014): Chronic Illness Reframed
Armstrong (2014) presents a revisionist account of chronic illness. He challenges the belief that the rise of chronic illness is solely due to acute diseases and an aging population. The construct of chronic illness results from medicine expanding. Natural decline is associated with aging.
CSA Public Policy Centre (2024): Aging Canada 2040
CSA Public Policy Centre (2024) — Aging Canada 2040 —
Read MoreHow Technology Transforms Modern News and Journalism
Technology and News: A Necessary Alliance
In today’s fast-paced world, technology has completely transformed the way people receive news. Information now travels faster than ever before, reaching millions of people in seconds through digital platforms. Although some argue that technology has made news unreliable and superficial, it has actually improved modern news because it allows faster access to information, increases public awareness, and gives a voice to people who were previously unheard.
Read MoreIndian Contract Law and Sale of Goods Act Provisions
This section covers the termination and enforcement aspects of contracts under the Indian Contract Act, 1872.
Termination and Enforcement of Contracts
Void Agreements Under Section 2(g)
🚫 Void Agreement (Section 2(g))
A Void Agreement is defined by Section 2(g) as:
“An agreement not enforceable by law is said to be void.”
This is distinct from a Void Contract (which was valid initially but later became void). A Void Agreement is void ab initio (from the very beginning) because it lacks one or more
Read MoreTechnical Job Analysis and Work Measurement Methods
Functional Job Analysis (FJA)
Functional Job Analysis (FJA) was developed by the U.S. Department of Labor during the 1950s and 1960s. It uses the person, the available data, and the position as references. These elements are used to improve the allocation of employees and advise workers within employment offices.
Core Assumptions of FJA
The primary distinction in FJA is between what is done and what workers do to get things done. Jobs are categorized by their relationship to three domains:
- Data: Involves
Computer Systems: Hardware, Networks & Software
1. Hardware — The Physical Foundation
Motherboard: The main printed circuit board that connects all the components of a computer. It provides the physical foundation and facilitates communication between all components.
Relation: ‘It allows the phone’s hardware parts to talk to each other to process the action.’
Processor (CPU): Known as the “brain” of the computer. It is responsible for making calculations, executing instructions, and controlling the overall operation of the system.
Relation: ‘The
Sustainable Diets, Millennial Pet Choices & Gen Z Work Trends
Sustainable Diets and Meat Consumption
1 The connection between the food we eat and the health of our planet has become a major topic of discussion in recent years. As climate change accelerates and natural resources become scarcer, many people are looking at how our diets, especially how much meat we consume, affect the environment. Opinions on this issue vary widely. Some argue that adopting a fully plant-based diet is the only real solution. Others believe that simply eating less meat is a more
NATO: History, Structure and Missions
NATO: History, Structure and Missions
Created in 1949, at the beginning of the Cold War. The Washington Treaty established the alliance. 29 members (Europe and North America). Type: Military Alliance. NATO organizes regular summits for leaders of its member states and partnerships.
Founding and Cold War Era
1st period (1949–1989): Enemy: Warsaw Pact (1955). This military alliance was led by the Soviet Union. In 1966, Charles de Gaulle decided to withdraw from NATO’s integrated military command. During
Read More