Spain’s Transition: Economy, Society & 1978 Constitution

Spain’s Transition Economy

Looking back at 1973, Spain faced the following economic situation:

  • GDP growth stood at 8%.
  • The unemployment rate did not exceed 2%.
  • Foreign exchange reserves amounted to 6,000 billion Pesetas (Note: currency assumed).
  • Inflation was running at 12%.

The underlying reasons for Spain’s economic vulnerability at this time included:

  • A relatively closed economy, limiting international trade and competition.
  • An inequitable public sector, potentially implying high or poorly structured
Read More

Scotland & Ireland: Union, Clearances, Famine, Home Rule Era

Scotland After the Act of Union

  • Restrictions on the Highland lifestyle (lifted in 1782).
  • Scottish Enlightenment: Adam Smith, David Hume, William Cullen, William Robertson.
  • Expansion of trade, banking, and industry.
  • The Industrial Revolution (James Watt, a Scot); shipbuilding.
  • Development of refrigerated ships: beef from overseas became cheaper than Scottish beef, leading to rural depopulation.

Yet the population grew from 1 million (1700) to 1.5 million (1800) and then to 4.5 million (1900).

Highland Clearances

Read More

Key Concepts in Advertising and Sales Promotion

Marketing Department Responsibilities

The marketing department is typically responsible for:

  1. Detecting the need for an advertising campaign.
  2. Creating a plan that describes the objectives to be achieved with the campaign.
  3. Choosing an advertising agency.
  4. Developing the brief: a document containing product information, market analysis, etc.
  5. Approving the creative proposal and the final campaign design.
  6. Monitoring the results and comparing them against the objectives.

Advertising Agency Responsibilities

An advertising

Read More

Chemical Bonds: Polarity, Metallic & Intermolecular Forces

Polar Covalent Bonds and Polarity

Polarization of Bonds: A polar bond forms when two atoms with different electronegativity come together. This results in partial charges appearing at the ends of the bond. A bond is more polarized the greater the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms. This difference indicates the percentage of ionic character in the covalent bond.

Polar Molecules

A diatomic molecule is polar if its bond is polarized. For a polyatomic molecule to have a molecular dipole

Read More

Hand, Finger, and Thumb X-Ray Positioning Techniques

Finger X-Ray Positioning

PA Projection

Film/IR Size

18 x 24 cm (transverse)

Patient Position

Seat the patient at the end of the table, elbows flexed approximately 90°, with the hand and forearm resting on the table.

Part Position

Hand pronated with fingers straight.

Central Ray (CR)

Perpendicular, directed to the 1st proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint.

SID

1 meter

Collimation

Collimate on all 4 sides to the finger area.

Notes

Alternatively, a larger film encompassing the entire hand in PA projection may be

Read More

Abordajes Terapéuticos: Cáncer de Colon, Recto, Páncreas, Próstata, Endometrio

Tratamiento Oncológico del Cáncer de Colon

El tratamiento primario es la cirugía, con resultados muy buenos. Se consigue la curación en el 70% de los casos.

Tratamiento Oncológico del Cáncer de Recto

La cirugía consigue curaciones de hasta el 50%. Dependiendo de si el tumor está a más de 5 cm del esfínter anal, podrá realizarse cirugía conservadora (Resección Anterior Baja) o cirugía radical (Resección Abdomino-Perineal con colostomía permanente). Los estadios II y III de alto riesgo

Read More

Mastering Adverb Clauses, Prefixes, and Conditional Sentences

Adverb Clauses of Reason and Purpose

Match the main clause (1-5) with the adverb clause (a-e).

  1. I am going to use a compare and contrast thought pattern. 1
  2. I am definitely not going to use a compare and contrast pattern. 2
  3. I am going to use a cause and effect pattern. 5
  4. I will use a defining thought pattern for the first half of my talk. 4
  5. So that the reasons why things happened will be clear. 3
  • A I will use a cause and effect organization…
  • B In order to help people understand what made this happen in
Read More

Artemisia Gentileschi’s Judith Slaying Holofernes Analysis

Judith and Holofernes Details

Author
Artemisia Gentileschi
Chronology
c. 1612-1613
Style
Baroque (Naturalism)
Technique
Oil on canvas
Support
Canvas
Location
Museo di Capodimonte in Naples
Subject
Bible (Book of Judith)

Formal Analysis and Composition

Compositionally, the work is structured around a triangle, with the characters’ heads forming the vertices. Holofernes’ head is the main focal point of the action. Other compositional lines converge towards him, as does the focused light illuminating the scene from

Read More

Lope de Vega & Calderón: Masters of Spanish Golden Age Theatre

Lope de Vega (1562-1635)

Born in Madrid of humble origin, Lope de Vega was self-taught and had a very lively love life. In 1579, he was banished.

Poetry and Narrative

He wrote traditional lyric poetry, sonnets, and epic poetry. In his love and religious poetry, his autobiographical background lends intense emotion. He achieved remarkable quality in the novel Dorotea. His rich lyric poetry included traditional forms and sonnets; he also wrote epic poetry. As a narrator, he cultivated the novella, the

Read More

Salesforce, Leadership Skills & Sales Team Structures

Importance and Usage of Salesforce for Sales Managers

Importance of Salesforce.com

Salesforce.com is a leading Customer Relationship Management (CRM) platform that assists businesses in managing customer interactions, tracking sales, and automating processes.

Usage by Sales Manager

  • Customer Data Management: Stores and organizes customer information, offering a complete view of customer interactions and history.
  • Sales Tracking: Monitors sales activities, opportunities, and performance metrics, which helps
Read More