Criminal Sciences: Normative, Non-Normative, and Policy Aspects
Criminal Normative Sciences – Method of knowledge: Technical and legal / attribute relationships predominate / World “ought.”
Law (criminal, criminal procedure, and criminal enforcement).
The criminal normative sciences correspond to areas of law that define crimes and their legal consequences, governing the relationship between the punitive power of the state and individual freedom. They regulate the process and ways of establishing criminal liability and have a dogmatic nature, consisting of existing
Read MoreRousseau’s Philosophy: State of Nature, Society, and Social Contract
Introduction
As a critic of society, Jean-Jacques Rousseau explored the tension between civilization and human nature. He argued that while society offers certain conveniences, it also weakens and makes individuals dependent on others. Once humanity leaves the state of nature, there is no return, only the possibility of exchanging natural liberty for civil freedom.
The Natural Man
Rousseau posited that in the state of nature, humans are guided by self-preservation and empathy, living simple lives threatened
Read MoreSpanish Education System Overview: LOE Explained
Spanish Education System under the LOE
Student Registration
Student registration follows a specific procedure. Changes to this procedure will not take effect until the next academic year’s admission and enrollment process is complete. Post-compulsory education follows a unique structure. The budget per student is determined annually by the State and Autonomous Communities, covering teacher salaries, other expenses, and variable costs (seniority, substitutions, leadership roles, etc.). Teacher remuneration
Read MoreUnderstanding Narrative Styles and Literary Genres
Direct Style
Plasma when the narrator presents the text or dialogue of the characters directly to each other, without intervening or taking an active part in their discursive expressions. This implies that the characters themselves are speaking, evident with the use of quotes.
- “- It appears that there were no classes yesterday …”
- “- Really? If I had known, I would not have worried so much about my absence.”
Reported Speech
The narrator’s presence is shown in the discourse of the story. The narrator
Read MoreConsumer Perception: Sensory Marketing, Attention, and Interpretation
Chapter 4: Perception
Consumers are constantly bombarded by colors, sounds, and odors from advertisements, product packaging, radio, and TV. Our decisions are influenced not only by external factors but also by our reactions to them. The three stages of stimuli are:
- Exposure/Sensation
- Attention
- Interpretation (meaning)
Sensation refers to the immediate response of sensory receptors (eyes, nose, ears, mouth, fingers).
Perception is the process by which these stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted.
Read MoreKey Events and Reforms in Mexican History
1. The Liberal Cause in 1856
Because the liberal cause in 1856 fought unlike the Conservatives. For the transformation of the economic structure the country inherited from the colony aspired to a political and social renewal to erase the stigma of the colony.
2. Tenets of the Constitution of 1857
One of the tenets of the Constitution of 1857. The confiscation of assets of civil and ecclesiastical corporations. The law establishing marriage as a civil contract law on freedom of religion.
3. Juárez’s
Read MoreHuman Resource Management: Motivation, Leadership, and Employment Contracts
Functions of Human Resource Management
It is important to analyze how to motivate employees to achieve goals. Assessment systems of rewards and incentives should be established. Motivation is necessary for the study of leadership (formal and informal levels) and the development of appropriate communication processes. Human capital is a competitive advantage, with components of competence including knowledge, skills, interests, motivation, and willingness to use resources. People make different organizations;
Read MoreExploring Iconic Ancient Structures: Parthenon, Doryphoros, and More
The Parthenon
The work that we will discuss this week is the Parthenon in Athens. The main temple, the Parthenon, located on the Acropolis, was used to house the chryselephantine statue of Athena Parthenos. It was built by Callicrates under Ictinus and monitored by Phidias between 447-432 BC during the “Golden Age” of Athens under the rule of Pericles. This temple was part of the reconstruction of the Acropolis after it was destroyed by the Persians during the Wars of Medes and is the leading exponent
Read MorePlato’s Philosophy: Soul, Metaphysics, Knowledge, and Politics
Plato: Life and Influences
Plato, a prominent philosopher in Greek history, was influenced by his teacher, Socrates, his travels in Magna Graecia, and earlier philosophers like Parmenides. He was also influenced by the Pythagoreans, admiring their mathematical prowess and belief in governance by the wise, a concept he mirrored in his idea of an aristocracy ruled by philosopher-kings.
The Soul
Plato believed in the duality of man, composed of body and soul, with the soul being the true reality. The
Read MoreUnderstanding Retirement and Pension Systems in Spain
Retirement is the name given to the administrative act that allows individuals to cease gainful employment, either on their own or for someone else, after reaching a certain legal maximum age. This act is often associated with a passive state of employment. Upon termination of employment, the beneficiary of the pension is credited with an economic benefit, which is usually a monthly rent. The provision is for life and is only extinguished with the death of the interested party. The termination of
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