American Independence and the French Revolutionary Era
US Independence: Causes and Establishment
Reasons for Independence
- Many English colonists who settled in the Thirteen Colonies spread Enlightenment ideas, such as political representation and separation of powers.
- Conflict arose when Britain established new taxes that the colonists refused to pay.
- Tensions escalated, leading to the outbreak of war (following events like the Boston Tea Party in 1773).
Key Events and Outcomes
- On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies was
Franco Spain: Economy, Society & Politics (1939-1959)
The First Franco Period (1939-1959)
Economic Developments: Autarky (1939-1951)
Definition and Causes
The Franco regime adopted an economic policy of autarky due to:
- Huge material losses and depletion of human capital from the Civil War.
- International isolation and barriers to external sourcing for the Spanish economy.
- Protectionist economic nationalism as the official ideology.
Negative Economic Consequences
Agriculture
Agriculture entered a deep crisis. State interventionism and protectionism prevailed,
Read MoreEndoplasmic Reticulum: Key Cellular Functions
Rough ER: Exportable Protein Synthesis
Proteins destined for export enter the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) lumen through a channel. The signal peptide is cleaved by a signal peptidase, leaving the mature protein ready for further processing and export.
Smooth ER: Lipid Synthesis and Metabolism
Lipid synthesis and metabolism primarily occur in the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER), although some fatty acids and phospholipids are synthesized in mitochondria. The SER is crucial for synthesizing:
Read MoreHousing Price Analysis: Impact of Features and Square Footage
EJERCICIO 2
Intercept:The expected value of the price of housing will be **39,954 Thousand US Dollars** when there is no pool, no living room, and no fire place in the house, there are no bathrooms, and the log of square feet is 0, which doesn’t make economic sense.
The house has a pool: This is a dummy variable with 2 options: having or not having a pool. The difference effect in the price of housing is **5,198 thousand US dollars** on average between having or not having a pool in the house,
Read MoreLove and Loss in Gabriel García Márquez’s Cholera Time
Love in Love in the Time of Cholera
Love’s Forms
Love is the central theme of Gabriel García Márquez’s Love in the Time of Cholera, revolving around Fermina Daza and her two suitors, Florentino Ariza and Juvenal Urbino. The novel explores various facets of love:
- Idealized Love: Florentino’s passionate, unrealistic love for Fermina, marked by yearning and letters, contrasts with Fermina’s more pragmatic approach.
- Married Love: Juvenal and Fermina’s marriage reveals the complexities of domestic love,
Key Concepts in US Constitutional Law
Horizontal Separation of Powers – Executive, legislative, and judicial branches with separate but equal checks and balances.
Vertical Separation of Powers – Division of powers between state and federal governments.
Preemption – If the federal government passes a law with preemption language, states cannot regulate the same activity.
Presumption Against Preemption – Applied when dealing with inherently state/local powers.
Habeas Corpus – A writ used to bring a party criminally convicted in
Read MoreDescartes’ Philosophy: Reason, Method, and Existence
Descartes’ Philosophical Journey
He received a scholastic education, educated by the Jesuits. He lived during the scientific revolution and against Galilean processes, including the Thirty Years’ War.
The Central Questions of Modernity
The problems of knowledge, its source, and veracity are central questions of modernity. Man took refuge in that which is universal and offers some security: reason. Descartes opens a new phase in the seventeenth century called rationalism. The rationalists reject realism
Read MoreMastering Reported Speech: Rules, Changes & Examples
Reported Speech: A Comprehensive Breakdown
Reported Speech (also known as indirect speech) involves conveying what someone else said, but without using their exact words. This requires certain grammatical adjustments.
Key Changes in Reported Speech
The basic structure is often: subject + verb + that + subject…
Verb Tense Changes:
- Present Simple → Past Simple
- Present Continuous → Past Continuous
- Present Perfect → Past Perfect
- Past Simple → Past Perfect
- Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
- Past
Understanding Dualism: Mind-Body Theories and Philosophies
Understanding Dualism: Mind and Body
Dualist Theory: The human being cannot be reduced to either the mind or the body alone; it is composed of two components: “mind” and “brain” or “soul” and “body.”
Platonic Dualism
According to Platonic dualism, the human beings we see in this world are composed of body and soul, but this union is a simple accident. In reality, the soul is immaterial and immortal and existed before joining the body, so the true human being *is* its soul. Separated from the body,
Read MoreKey Features of Roman Architecture and Sculpture
Roman Architecture
Historical Introduction
The history of the Roman Empire began in the eighth century BC on the Italian peninsula with the founding of Rome.
General Features
Roman architecture had an official status (works were commissioned and paid for by the state) and was utilitarian (buildings were in the service of citizens, meant to be used). This led to the importance of interior space, unlike the Greek concept. Consequently, technique became more important than the concept of beauty in Rome,
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