Socrates and Plato: Philosophy, Politics, and Education
Socrates: Dialogue as a Path to Truth
In the context of the democratic *polis*, a crisis emerged concerning the concepts of truth and good. A central figure in this period was Socrates, who sought to recover the original meaning of dialogue against the Sophists, who were masters in the art of rhetoric. Socrates understood philosophy as a search, a pursuit that begins with the acknowledgment of one’s own ignorance: “I know that I know nothing.”
Unlike Socrates, the Sophists were considered wise because
Read MoreUnderstanding Non-Governmental Organizations and Charities
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
- Non-profit social enterprises
- Operate in the private sector (private voluntary associations)
- Set up and run for the benefit of others in society
- “Private organizations that pursue activities to relieve suffering, promote the interests of the poor, protect the environment, provide basic social services or undertake community development” – UN definition
- The aim: to support a cause that is considered socially desirable
- Some are concerned with a single issue (e.g., Save
Signage and Advertising: Effective Visual Communication
The Signage and its Functions
Signage guides individuals in their itineraries and offers services. Signage is a part of social communication science that is responsible for studying information visually through guidance signs in relation to space. It studies the functionality of these indicators and the behavior of individuals. It constitutes an instantaneous visual language, automatic and universal. Its goal is to meet the needs and guidance of individuals’ information.
Signage Design
In signage design,
Read MoreFrench Revolution: Key Stages and Transformations
Stages of the French Revolution
The National Assembly (1789)
In 1789, King Louis XVI convened the Estates-General to address France’s financial crisis and proposed increasing taxes. The Third Estate, representing commoners, advocated for a new voting system based on individual votes rather than by estate. The king rejected this proposal, leading the Third Estate to declare themselves the sole representatives of the French people, an event known as the Tennis Court Oath. They pledged to create a constitution
Read MorePhonetics: Consonant and Vowel Sounds in Catalan
Africates are best understood in two phases: it starts with a step of interrupting the upper interface, which resolves to a narrowing of sounds similar to fricatives:
- [Ts] [t]: Tsar, wick (voiceless africates)
- [Dz] [d]: random, doctor (voiced africates)
Laterals: In laterals, air escapes through the sides:
- [L] []: Lollar
Vibrants: To articulate them, the tip of the tongue vibrates:
- [R] []: rare
Nasals: In articulating them, a part of the upper interface leaves the nasal cavity where resonance occurs:
- [M]
Romanticism in Spain: Literature, Theater, Prose, and Poetry
Romanticism: A Literary Movement
Romanticism was a literary movement whose heyday was in Europe during the first decades of the nineteenth century. It is characterized by its delivery to the imagination and subjectivity, freedom of thought and expression, and its idealization of nature. Its features are:
- Individualism and subjectivism
- Search for originality and the distinctive features of nations
- Protection of freedom from all points of view of art, which leads to an attitude of rebellion against any
Ecological Terms and Ecosystem Dynamics
Key Definitions in Ecology
Definitions:
- Aphotic: Total darkness area from 500m.
- Biocenosis: The set of populations living in a determined area.
- Biotope: Place or physical environment occupied by a community.
- Ectotherm: The main source of body heat depends on external sources.
- Endotherms: Control body temperature through the production of heat inside the body.
- Stenosis: Short interval of tolerance.
- Density: A factor that determines the size of the population.
- Euphotic: Area that receives sufficient light
Infamous Crimes: 11 Notorious Cases of the 20th Century
Chapter 1: Dr. Crippen – The Murderer
Chapter 1 shows how, trapped in an unhappy marriage and in love with another woman, Dr. Crippen murdered his wife after a violent argument. For the first time, radio communications were used in pursuit of a criminal, and Crippen and his new partner were arrested as they tried to escape to a new life in Canada.
Chapter 2: The Mona Lisa – Lost and Found
Chapter 2 tells how in 1911 an ex-worker at the Louvre, Vincenzo Perugia, managed to steal the famous painting
Read MoreSteve Jobs’ Apple Turnaround: Think Different Campaign
Steve Jobs’ Triumphant Return to Apple in 1997
The ‘Think Different’ Campaign
Key Principles of Economics: Understanding Decision-Making, Trade, and Market Dynamics
CHAPTER 1: Ten Principles of Economics
Ninth Edition
In this Chapter
- What kinds of questions does economics address?
- What are the principles of how people make decisions?
- What are the principles of how people interact?
- What are the principles of how the economy as a whole works?
Ten Principles of Economics
Resources are scarce
- Scarcity: The limited nature of society’s resources
- Society has limited resources and cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have.
- Economics
- The study of how society