Tipos de Enlaces Químicos y Geometría Molecular
Enlace Iónico
Se presenta cuando los átomos participantes tienen una diferencia de electronegatividad apreciable, igual o mayor a 1.7. Es una fuerza electrostática que se establece debido a que se forman iones.
Los compuestos iónicos se caracterizan por:
- Ser sólidos a temperatura ambiente.
- Presentar altos puntos de ebullición y fusión.
- Facilidad para romperse en estado sólido (fragilidad).
- Ser malos conductores del calor y la electricidad en estado sólido (pero buenos conductores fundidos o en
Electronics Essentials: Op-Amps, Transformers, and AC Circuits
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile components in electronics, commonly used for various applications including amplification, addition, integration, and differentiation. Here’s how they function in each of these roles:
Op-Amp as an Amplifier
An op-amp can be configured as a non-inverting or inverting amplifier.
- Non-Inverting Amplifier: The input signal is applied to the non-inverting terminal. The output is in phase with the input and is amplified based on the gain formula: Gain = 1 +
Victims’ Rights: Legal Framework and Support Systems
The rights of victims are increasingly recognized within the justice system. Key legal instruments include:
- Declaration on Fundamental Principles of Justice for Victims of Crimes and Abuses of Power (1985): Acknowledges victims as central to justice.
- Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe (1985): Focuses on improving legal protection and comprehensive assistance for victims.
- Framework Decision of 15 March 2001 on the standing of victims in criminal proceedings: Aims to
FDR’s New Deal: Campaign, Hundred Days & Key Programs
The Campaign
Roosevelt realized people wanted action. During his campaign, he made sixteen major speeches promising a ‘New Deal.’ His policies and personality attracted support. He inspired confidence, made personal contact with Americans, and offered hope during a terrible situation. He won, and the Democrats won a majority of seats in Congress.
The New Deal
The Hundred Days
During the first 100 days of his presidency, Roosevelt implemented an enormous range of measures:
The main problem affecting
Stalinism and Khrushchev’s Thaw: A Power Shift in the Soviet Union
Read MoreThe Legacy of Stalinism
The Soviet Union under Stalin witnessed the deportation of ethnic Chechens and the adoption of a nationalist anthem celebrating Stalin. Purges and ideological re-education aimed to eliminate Western influence. This strategy of legitimation aimed to depoliticize the population, creating a system where people avoided political thought. This context helps us understand the nature of Stalin’s regime.
The Rise of Khrushchev and the Thaw
Power Struggle after Stalin’s Death
Following
Psychology: Understanding Behavior, Personality, and Disability
Q. Psychology of disabled a. Goals & methods of scientific PSYLOGY ;
Scientific psychology is a field that systematically studies the behavior and mental processes of individuals, using empirical methods and scientific tools. It aims to understand, predict, and control behavior in a way that helps individuals lead better lives, especially for those experiencing disabilities. The goals of scientific psychology are broad, but they can be categorized into a few central areas: describing behavior,
Read MoreTruth, Lies, Media & Vocabulary: Unit 5 & 6 Study
Unit 5: Right or Wrong. Truth and Lies
- Be economical with the truth: No dir tota la veritat.
- Bluntly: Sense embuts.
- Deny: Negar.
- Fake: Farsante.
- Fall for sth: Empastar-se alguna cosa.
- Gossip: Xafarderia.
- Hoax: Broma pesada.
- Make up: Inventar-se.
- Own up: Reconèixer.
- Pigs might fly: I els porcs volen.
- Pretend: Fer veure.
- Tell tales: Explicar romanços.
- Two-time: Posar banyes.
- White lie: Mentida pietosa.
Phrasal Verbs
- Back up: Reforçar.
- Cover up: Ocultar.
- Point out: Assenyalar.
- Tamper with: Manipular.
Values and Beliefs
- Activist:
Cost Accounting: Break-Even, Relevant Costs, and Allocation
Break-Even Point and Operating Leverage
The break-even point is the level of operating activity at which revenues cover all fixed and variable costs, resulting in zero profit. It’s the point where total revenues equal total costs. Until break-even sales are reached, the product, service, event, or business segment operates at a loss. To determine the break-even point, the equation for total revenues is set equal to the equation for total costs and then solved for the break-even unit sales volume.
Read MoreChemical Ions, Compounds, Formulas, and Nomenclature
Ions, Compounds, and Chemical Formulas
Understanding Ions
An ion is a charged particle formed when a neutral atom or group of atoms gains or loses electrons.
Cations: Positively Charged Ions
A cation is a positively charged ion formed when a neutral atom loses electrons (e.g., Na⁺).
| Na atom | 11 protons | 11 electrons |
|---|---|---|
Na⁺ ion | 11 protons | 10 electrons |
Anions: Negatively Charged Ions
An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when a neutral atom gains electrons (e.g., Cl⁻).
| Cl atom | 17 protons | 17 electrons |
|---|---|---|
Cl⁻ |
English Phonetics and Phonology: A Comprehensive Study
Obstruents and Sonorants
The vowel-like nature of nasals, liquids, and semi-vowels necessitates the umbrella terms obstruent and sonorant. Obstruents are plosive, fricative, and affricate consonants. Sonorants comprise vowels, diphthongs, and other consonants with vowel-like qualities.
English Vowels
/i:/: Front, almost fully close, unrounded. Tends to diphthongize to (ij).
/ɪ/: Front, slightly retracted, close-half-close, unrounded. Used in endings like -ace, -age, -ate, -ness.
/e/: Front, half-close-
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