Corporate Governance, CSR, and Shareholder Protection under Companies Act, 2013
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Meaning and Scope of Social Responsibilities
Social responsibility refers to the obligation of companies to act in ways that benefit society while conducting business operations. It involves going beyond mere profit-making to consider the welfare of employees, customers, society, and the environment.
Key Aspects of Social Responsibility Towards Stakeholders:
- Towards Shareholders: Ensure fair returns on investment, transparent disclosure, and good governance.
- Towards
Machine Learning Models: Regression and Classification
Regression Models and Regularization Techniques
1. Linear Regression (Ordinary Least Squares – OLS)
Linear Regression is the most basic form, aiming to model the relationship between a dependent variable (Y) and one or more independent variables (X) by fitting a straight line (or hyperplane) to the data.
- Goal: To find the coefficient values (β) that minimize the Residual Sum of Squares (RSS), which is the sum of the squared differences between the observed data points and the values predicted by the
Essential Templates for Data Visualization Reporting
Line Graph Analysis Template
- The line graph illustrates trends in [subject] over a [time period] from [start date] to [end date]. The data is measured in [units] and demonstrates [general observation].
- Overall, the most significant trend is the [adjective] [increase/decrease] in [main subject]. While [item A] showed substantial growth, [item B] experienced considerable fluctuation. The period witnessed [item C] consistently [outperforming/underperforming] other categories.
- Beginning with [item A],
Essential Economics Concepts: Markets, Policy, and Global Trade
Foundations of Economic Systems
Market and Command Economies
In a market-oriented economy, the amount of a good that is produced is primarily decided by the interaction of: buyers and sellers.
In countries like _____________ the command economy predominates: Cuba and North Korea.
Which of the following best denotes the reason for the existence of substantial black markets? A command economy.
Macroeconomics and the Circular Flow
If macroeconomics looks at the economy as a whole, it focuses on which of
Read MoreMastering Business Proposals and Academic Writing Styles
Structure of a Business Proposal
A business proposal is a formal document that presents a plan, idea, or solution to a problem. It aims to persuade an organization or individual to approve or support the proposal. A well-structured business proposal increases clarity, professionalism, and the chances of acceptance. Its structure generally includes several important components:
- Cover Letter: Briefly introduces the proposal and addresses the recipient.
- Title Page: Contains the proposal title, proposer’s
မြန်မာ သစ်တော၊ နိုင်ငံရေးအဖွဲ့များနှင့် ဈေးကွက် စီးပွားရေး
မြန်မာ သစ်တောနှင့် သဘာဝအရင်းအမြစ်
မှန် မှား မှား မှား မှန်
စက်ယန္တရား သစ်တော ပိုင်ဆိုင်မှု ၁၉၄၀ သဘာဝဓာတ်ငွေ့
(က) (ခ) (က) (ဂ) (ခ)
– သမပိုင်းသစ်တောများတွင် မြေထဲပင်လယ်သစ်တော၊ သမပိုင်းရွက်ပြန့်တော၊
Read MoreC Language Pointers, Arrays, and String Functions Mastery
C Language: Pointers, Arrays, and String Operations
In the C language, pointers and arrays share a very close relationship. Understanding this connection is crucial for effective memory handling and efficient programming.
An array is a collection of similar data items stored in contiguous memory locations. A pointer, conversely, is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. Since an array name represents the address of its first element, a pointer can be directly used to access
Read MoreJava Binary Tree and Graph Algorithm Practice
Practice Problems
1. Check if a Binary Tree is a Mirror of Itself
The idea is to write a recursive function isMirror() that takes two trees as arguments and returns true if the trees are mirrors and false if they are not. The isMirror() function recursively checks two roots and the subtrees under those roots.
// Java program to check if a binary tree is symmetric or not
class Node {
int key;
Node left, right;
Node(int item) {
key = item;
left = right = null;
}
}Great Depression Key Terms and Definitions
Great Depression Terms and Definitions
Installment buying
Installment buying: Purchasing a commodity over a period of time. The buyer gains use of the commodity immediately and then pays for it in periodic payments called installments.
Bull market
Bull market: A market in which share prices are rising, encouraging buying.
Speculation
Speculation: With only loose stock market regulations in place before the Great Depression, investors were able to speculate wildly, buying stocks on margin and needing only
Read MoreBarcelona Incident: Robbery and Technology Failure Updates
Quién, cuándo, cómo, dónde, por qué. Robbery in Barcelona. Technology failure in Barcelona.
The situation began when [general event], according to the first reports collected from witnesses (testigo). Several people in the area reported noticing [general observation], which immediately raised questions about safety and communication. Residents explained that they felt [emotion or reaction] as events developed, especially because there were not many official explanations at the beginning. This
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