English Tenses, Verbs, Conjunctions & Phonetics Explained
English Tenses — 12 Basic Forms
Tenses denote the time of an action (past, present, or future) and the aspect (simple, continuous, perfect, or perfect continuous) of that action, resulting in the 12 basic English tenses. They are formed by combining one of the three time periods with one of the four aspects.
12 English Tenses Chart
| Time Period | Simple | Continuous (Progressive) | Perfect | Perfect Continuous |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present |
Formula: V or V + s/es Use: Habitual actions, facts. Example: I walk to work. | Formula: am / is |
CSMA/CD Ethernet Collision Detection and LAN Access
CSMA/CD Collision Detection in Ethernet LANs
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection) is a media access control method that was widely used in early Ethernet technology and LANs when networks used a shared bus topology and each node (computers) was connected by coaxial cables. Today, Ethernet is typically full-duplex and the topology is either star (connected via a switch or router) or point-to-point (direct connection). Hence, CSMA/CD is not commonly used in modern switched, full‑duplex
Read MoreHydrology and Earth Science Calculation Reference
Hydrological Calculations and Formulas
Lysimeter Evapotranspiration (ET) Calculation
The Lysimeter method calculates Evapotranspiration (ET) based on mass change:
- Total Mass Change: (Initial Mass + Water Added) – (Final Mass + Water Lost) = 10 kg
- Daily Weight Change: 10 kg / 5 days = 2 kg/day
- Convert to Volume: 2 kg/day = 0.002 m³/day (Assuming 1 L = 1 kg and 1 L = 0.001 m³)
- Convert to Depth (m/d): 0.002 m³/day / Area of Bucket = 0.0002 m/day
- Convert to mm/d: 0.0002 m/day × 1000 = 0.2 mm/day
Groundwater
Read MoreUNC MAC 710 Exam 1 Cheat Sheet — High-Yield Financial Accounting
UNC MAC 710 — Exam 1 Comprehensive Cheat Sheet
(High-yield, exam-oriented, organized for quick review)
1. Income Statement & Comprehensive Income
Core Definitions
Net income = revenues + gains 6 expenses 6 losses
OCI = items excluded from net income by standards (e.g., unrealized AFS, FX translation, hedges, pension adjustments)
Comprehensive Income
Net income + OCI
Why Net Income Matters
Evaluates past performance
Predicts future performance
Assesses risk and cash flow persistence
Limitations
Excludes
Sports Biomechanics: Levers, Rotation, Newton’s Laws
Third-Class Lever Example: Knee Extension
Q1: An example of a third-class lever is knee extension (like kicking a ball), where the force is between the fulcrum and load. The knee joint is the fulcrum (the pivot point where the lower leg rotates), the quadriceps tendon, inserting on the tibial tuberosity, provides the effort in the middle, and the leg and foot (plus any ball) form the load at the far end.
Landing Technique: Shock Absorption in Gymnastics
Q2: Gymnasts bend their knees and flex their
Read MoreRTI Act: Appeals, Penalties, and Information Commissions
Appeal under the Right to Information Act, 2005 – Section 19
Section 19 of the Act lays down the entire framework for first appeal, second appeal, timelines, powers, and procedure.
First Appeal – Section 19(1)
A first appeal lies to an officer senior in rank to the Central/State Public Information Officer (CPIO/ SPIO) within the same public authority.
Grounds for First Appeal
A person may file a first appeal when:
- No decision is received within the time prescribed under Section 7(1) or Section 7(3)
Literary Periods: Middle Ages to Realism Analysis
Middle Ages: Theocentrism and Community
The Middle Ages were characterized by theocentrism; theology was the main focus. Favorite reading material included the Bible and the lives of saints. Salvation was considered the path to heaven. Individuals felt integrated into a community: the Church and the Kingdom. Literary creation was anonymous, and artistic creation was collective.
Baroque Period: Decay and Contrast
During the Baroque period, Spain began to lose control of the seas, marking the start of
Read MorePostcolonial Identity in Caribbean, South African, Indian & Sri Lankan
Caribbean: Art, Maps, and Diasporic Identity
Antillean Art and Walcott’s Shattered Histories
“Antillean art is this restoration of our shattered histories, our shards of vocabulary, our archipelago becoming a synonym for pieces broken off”? In his Nobel Prize speech, Derek Walcott explains that Caribbean, or Antillean, art is a way of rebuilding what history destroyed. Caribbean history was violently broken by slavery, colonialism, and forced migration. During the Middle Passage, Africans were
Read MoreCatholic Social Teaching on Life, Property, and Economic Systems
Bioethics: Moral Reflection on Life and Science
Origin and Purpose of Bioethics
Bioethics arises from the need to reflect morally on the rapid development of science and technology, particularly in the fields of medicine and biology.
As scientific progress began to make it possible to intervene directly in the origin, development, and end of human life, ethical questions emerged that could not be answered by technical knowledge alone.
Bioethics, therefore, seeks to evaluate scientific practices in the
Read MoreAdvanced Concepts in Information Retrieval and Recommendation Systems
Information Retrieval Evaluation and Relevance
Weighting Schemes in Weighted Cohen’s Kappa
Weighted Cohen’s Kappa uses specific weighting schemes (linear vs. quadratic) to measure inter-annotator agreement when categories are ordered.
- Linear Weighting: Penalizes disagreements proportionally to category distance. This is suitable when graded differences are modest. Linear weights are simpler but less sensitive.
- Quadratic Weighting: Penalizes larger disagreements more strongly, emphasizing severe