Influenza Virus: Symptoms, Spread, and Prevention
Influenza: Causes and Terminology
The flu, or influenza, is an infectious disease affecting birds and mammals, caused by an RNA virus belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family. The word “flu” originates from the French grippe (from Swiss-German groupie, meaning ‘curl’), while “influenza” comes from Italian.
Symptoms in Humans
In humans, influenza primarily affects the airways. Initial symptoms may resemble a common cold but often include systemic signs such as:
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Weakness
- Muscle pain (myalgia)
Key Events and Conflicts of the Cold War Era
The Cold War Period
The Cold War was a long period of tension between the democracies of the Western World and the communist countries of Eastern Europe. The West was led by the United States, and Eastern Europe was led by the Soviet Union. These two countries became known as superpowers. Although the two superpowers never officially declared war on each other, they fought indirectly in proxy wars, the arms race, and the space race.
The Iron Curtain and Germany
The division of Germany symbolized the
Read MoreSimón Bolívar’s Formative Years and Ideology
Education
Simón Bolívar participated intensely in the intellectual world of his epoch, thanks to favorable circumstances. Being part of the Creole aristocracy allowed him, from childhood, the opportunity to access classical culture and attend scenarios where important historical facts of Bolívar’s time developed. His school performance was not very bright as a student at the Public School, an institution run by the Caracas City Council that functioned poorly due to a lack of organization and resources.
Read MoreEssential Security Practices for Computing Resources
🧩 4.1 Security Administration on Computing Resources
🔹 Secure Baselines
Define secure configurations (disable unused ports, enforce strong passwords, patch systems).
Deploy via configuration tools (Group Policy, Ansible, SCCM).
Maintain through regular audits and updates.
🔹 System Hardening
| Target | Key Techniques |
|---|---|
| Workstations/Servers | Disable Telnet/FTP; patch OS/apps; use AV + firewall; limit admin privileges. |
| Mobile Devices | Use MDM, enforce encryption, PIN/biometrics, remote wipe, containerization. |
Understanding Human Interaction, Nerve Cells, and Systems
1. Human Interaction and Coordination
Interaction
- Essential for survival
- Internal/External Stimuli
Changes in the environment affecting the body
- Sensory Receptors
Receive stimuli
Some of them are found in sense organs
- The Nervous System (Neurons)
Information processor
Receives information from sensory receptors and initiates the appropriate response, coordinating and integrating all cell functions
- Effector Organs
Endocrine System
- Endocrine Glands
- Hormones
Musculoskeletal System
- Muscles and Bones
- Movement
2. Nerve
Read MoreGlobal Economic Stability: WTO, IMF, World Bank, and India’s Free Trade Strategy
World Trade Organization (WTO)
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization that deals with global trade rules between nations. Its primary objective is to promote free and fair trade among countries, ensuring a level playing field and fostering economic growth and development.
Key Functions of the WTO
- Negotiating Trade Agreements: The WTO provides a platform for member countries to negotiate trade agreements, reducing tariffs and other trade barriers.
- Resolving Trade Disputes:
Understanding Computers: Functions, Features, and Generations
Definition of Computer:
A computer is an electronic device that processes input data according to a set of instructions (programs), stores it, and produces meaningful output as information. It performs four basic operations: Input, Processing, Storage, and Output.
It is a data processing machine that can perform arithmetic and logical operations at extremely high speed and accuracy.
It is used in every field today due to its efficiency, reliability, versatility, and automation capabilities.
Need and
Read MoreOrganizational Foundations and Security Practices in Software Development
1. Organisational Foundations: Mission, Goals, and Objectives
Mission Statements
- A mission statement represents the collective goals of an organisation.
- It is a statement explaining why the organisation exists and helps guide its strategic decisions.
- Examples include:
- Tesla: “Tesla’s mission is to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy.”
- TED: “Spread ideas.”
- Ikea: “To create a better everyday life for the many people.”
- Patagonia: “Build the best product, cause no unnecessary
Understanding Urban, Rural, and Tribal Communities
Communities: Urban, Rural, Tribal
Urban Communities
Definition
Urban communities refer to populations living in cities and towns, characterized by a high density of population, infrastructure, and economic activities.
Characteristics
1. High Population Density: Urban areas have a high concentration of people, leading to increased social interaction and diversity.
2. Diverse Economy: Urban economies are diverse, with a mix of industries, services, and commerce.
3. Modern Infrastructure: Urban areas have
Understanding Jonsonian Principles in Literature and Drama
Understanding Jonsonian Principles
The term “Jonsonian” refers to the literary and dramatic principles and stylistic characteristics associated with the English playwright, poet, and critic Ben Jonson (1572-1637). Jonson was a staunch advocate for classical ideals in literature, emphasizing clarity, order, decorum, and adherence to established rules derived from ancient Greek and Roman writers like Horace and Aristotle.
Comedies of Humours
In his dramatic works, particularly his comedies of humours
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