Spanish Literary Movements: 19th and 20th Centuries
Noucentisme and Avant-Garde
In Spain, the group of Modernist writers is called Noucentisme or the Generation of ’98. Its components are characterized by their European orientation and by their conception of art as an activity separate from the social and political. During the early decades of the 20th century, various artistic movements emerged in Europe, called Avant-Garde, breaking radically with the themes and expressive techniques of Romanticism and Realism. The Noucentistes connected easily
Read MoreCarolingian Dynasty: Art, Architecture, and the Reign of Charlemagne
The Carolingian Dynasty: Art, Architecture, and the Reign of Charlemagne
The Carolingian dynasty emerged during a pivotal period in European history. It traces its origins back to Charles Martel, who, in 732, served as the major domus, the highest official under the Merovingian kings. While officially the chief steward, Charles Martel held significant power, effectively representing the Merovingian dynasty. His victory at the Battle of Poitiers on October 17, 732, halted the Muslim advance in the
Read MoreSpain’s Liberal Regime: Reign of Elizabeth II (1844-1868)
The Moderate Decade (1844-1854)
This period saw the consolidation of the liberal regime. However, the exclusion of progressives from power weakened the regime, which was overthrown in the revolution of 1868.
The Moderate Reforms and the Constitution of 1845
Reforms:
- Creation of the Civil Guard in 1844 by the Duke of Ahumada
- Abolition of the elective nature of mayoralties
- Government control of the press
Constitution:
- Replaced the principle of national sovereignty with shared sovereignty, limited the power
Isabel II Reign in Spain: Politics and Economy (1843-1868)
Isabel II Reign in Spain (1843-1868): Government and Economy
1. Moderate Decade (1844-1854)
Isabel II showed a preference for the moderates. The moderates implemented doctrinaire liberalism, which held a centralizing policy aimed at standardizing the state, but it was anti-democratic and conservative. The main figure was Narváez.
Reforms:
- Creation of the Civil Guard; the militia was eliminated.
- Councils Act of 1845, which reinforced centrality.
- Reform of the tax system in 1845 with a new, more rational,
Major Psychological Theories: A Comparative Analysis
| Major | Theoretical Position and Represented Interests | Explanation of the Process/Method of Study | Perceptual Differences with Other Major Subjects of Study |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functionalism | Functional dimensions of psychological processes as instrumental in adaptation to the environment. | W. James, J. Dewey, J. R. Angell used several methods: introspection, experimental method, comparative method, etc. | Motivational factors, personal interest in adaptation to the environment that affect perception. Perception plays an instrumental |
Health, Disease, and Prevention: A Comprehensive Look
Health
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Determinants of Health
These are the factors that influence the achievement of positive health:
- Habits and Lifestyle: Healthy eating, regular exercise, etc.
- Environment: Social, physical, and psychological factors (friends, city, work, allergies).
- Genetic or Biological Characteristics: Maturity, aging, genetic inheritance, or genetic diseases.
- Health System: Access to healthcare
Miguel de Cervantes and Lazarillo de Tormes: Spanish Literature
Miguel de Cervantes: Life and Works
Miguel de Cervantes (1547, Alcalá de Henares) was born to a barber-surgeon father and experienced economic difficulties during his childhood in Cordoba, Seville, and Madrid. He was a disciple of López de Hoyos. In 1569, he traveled to Italy and entered the service of Cardinal Acquaviva. He then joined the army and participated in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571.
In 1575, while returning to Spain, he was captured by Barbary pirates. His family paid a ransom for his
Read MoreNatural and Artificial Defenses: Immunology and Medicine
Natural Defenses
Natural defenses are any defenses formed that act against a pathogen or illness.
- Genetic Resistance: Some individuals are immune to certain pathogens.
- Anatomic Barriers: These prevent the passage of pathogens within the organism.
- Inflammatory Response: Characterized by swelling, pain, etc. Phagocytes destroy the pathogen.
- Inducible Defenses: Specific defenses are triggered in response to the presence of an antigen. Lymphocytes, when presented with the foreign substance, respond by producing
Fair Trade: Impact on Global Poverty and Consumer Behavior
Fair Trade: Impact on Global Poverty
Fair trade: The way in which Western countries trade with poorer nations affects their standard of living and, in many cases, keeps people in poverty. If we changed the rules of trade to be fair, we could improve the lives of millions of people.
Fair Trade is an organized social movement and a market-based approach to helping producers in developing countries earn a fair amount of money for their work. It also tries to support sustainability.
Fair Trade History
Read MoreKey Internet and Computer Technology Terms
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a TCP/IP-based communication protocol used to deliver virtually all files and other data, collectively called resources, on the World Wide Web.
WAIS (Wide Area Information Service)
WAIS is an internet search tool based on the Z39.50 standard. This standard describes a protocol for computer-to-computer information retrieval.
Intranets
An intranet is a private computer network that uses internet technology to securely share any part of an organization’s information
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