Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in EFL
Communication in the Foreign Language Classroom
UNIT 2: Communication in the Foreign Language Classroom. Verbal Communication. Non-Verbal Communication. Extralinguistic Strategies: Non-Verbal Reactions to Messages in Different Contexts.
0. Introduction
Every act that a human being performs has a communicative purpose. Non-verbal language not only supports verbal language but also conveys other meanings that are necessary to code and decode. Since the 1970s, the belief that language is a means of communication
Read MoreInterlanguage: Analysis, Errors, and Second Language Acquisition
Unit 7: Interlanguage Studies
Interlanguage is a dynamic linguistic system developed by a second language learner who has not yet achieved full proficiency but is approximating the target language.
Characteristics of Interlanguages
- Permeability
- Dynamicity
- Systematicity
- Variability
Contrastive Analysis
Researchers conducted contrastive analysis, systematically comparing two languages. They aimed to identify similarities and differences between the native language (NL) and the target language (TL). It was
Read MoreGlobalization, Ethics, and Political Philosophy Concepts
Unit 10: Globalization
Globalization is an economic process towards the establishment of transnational relations, creating a global society. Key features include:
- Consistency
- Difference
- A space for reflection
- An exaggerated perception of risk and fear
- Globalization of problems
Global Ethics
Global ethics addresses the moral problems arising from current scientific and technological development. It involves the practice of universality.
Moral Concepts
- Moral Minimum: Establishing a set of moral standards binding
Hagia Sophia: History, Architecture, and Byzantine Legacy
Hagia Sophia (532-537)
The rapid construction of Hagia Sophia can be attributed to substantial financial resources and an innovative building system. Byzantine masons employed alternating courses of brick and mortar beds. Porous tiles were used to reduce the dome’s weight, and marble was imported from all provinces to enhance the monument’s prestige.
Architects and Design
The architects of Hagia Sophia were Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus, renowned geometers, mathematicians, and inventors
Read MoreEnhancing Team Dynamics: LMX Theory, Cohesion, and Diversity
Developing Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
Minimum requirements for a leader-member exchange:
Liking (Affect)
- Customizing personal information in emails to different team members.
- Chatting with members about personal matters to enhance the socio-emotional bond.
- Relationship-building behaviors from leaders promote positive perceptions and increase the likelihood of followers seeing leaders as close.
Loyalty (Fostering Loyalty in a Virtual Setting)
- Public support for members: Defending members who are
Water and Air Pollution Control Acts in India: Key Provisions
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1974 to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and for maintaining or restoring the wholesomeness of water in the country.
The Act was amended in 1988. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act was enacted in 1977 to provide for the levy and collection of a cess on water consumed by persons operating and carrying on certain types of industrial activities.
Read MoreHenry II & Becket: Church-Crown Conflict in Medieval England
Church vs. Crown: Henry II and Thomas Becket
Roger of Hoveden, Chronicle (c. 1201)
To his most loving father and lord…During the Nativity of our Lord…And inasmuch as…
Chronicle is the most important work of the 12th-century English chronicler Roger of Hoveden (Howden).
Henry II, who came to the throne in 1154, was the leader of a great empire. In 1150, he had become Duke of Normandy. In 1151, he became nobleman of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine. In 1152, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of Louis VII of
Read MoreDeveloped vs. Underdeveloped Nations: A Comparative Analysis
Developed vs. Underdeveloped Nations
Characteristics
- Developed Countries: High income per capita (+$5000), technologically advanced industry, high standard of living (health, education, culture), high level of consumption, stable demographic growth.
- Underdeveloped Countries: Low income per capita (-$2000), limited industrial development, export of natural resources, low level of consumption, high level of demographic growth (high birth rates), totalitarian political systems, social inequality.
Inequalities
- Unequal
Reality, Being, and Existence: A Philosophical Inquiry
Being and Becoming
In a narrow sense, reality is considered to be whatever we experience (foulbrood, atoms, planets). In a broad sense, reality is considered to include not only material beings and the observable realities of science but also subjective experiences that we know intimately (feelings, beliefs, ideas). Heraclitus of Ephesus believed that the secret of reality lies in eternal becoming; he did not believe that reality is immutable.
Reality and Appearance
Reality is the set of all beings
Read MoreBasque Language and Literature: History & Forms
The Testimony of the Basque Language
1. What is the historical range of the Basque language? Where did people speak Basque?
The historical Basque territory is smaller now than it once was. Basque was spoken in many places, but its reach has decreased over time. It extended through the Pyrenees and Aquitaine. It has been spoken in Araba, Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa, and Navarre. For centuries, the Basque territories have changed, but the territory where Basque was spoken was once much broader. Basque place-
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