St. Augustine’s Philosophy: Faith, Reason, and Human Existence
Reason and Faith
For Augustine, humans yearn for happiness and the enjoyment of the highest good, which he identified with God. This requires knowing the truth, sought through reason (philosophy) and faith (religion). These are not incompatible; faith guides our search, and reason helps us understand faith: “He understands to believe, believe and understand.”
Theory of Knowledge
Augustine’s theory posits that our truth-seeking is driven by love. Good love (charity) prioritizes God and others, creating
Read MoreMemory and Cognitive Development in Children: Strategies and Stages
Memory. It is the cognitive process related to the retention and processing of information. Flavell: Children from infancy do not spontaneously produce effective mnemonic strategies, but they can benefit if trained. Stage: Childhood Memory recognition is improved and perfected at this stage; short-term memory is also better. Types of memory strategies: Repetition (review) and organization. These strategies are carried out with a purpose: memory. Differences by age: 5-6-year-old children do not usually
Read MoreSpanish Liberalism vs. Absolutism: 19th Century Turmoil & American Independence
The Constitution of 1812: A Brief Liberal Interlude
This constitution resulted from a compromise between liberals and absolutists. Its contents included:
- Establishment of national sovereignty.
- Establishment of a limited monarchy with the division of powers; the courts had broad authority.
- Imposition of Catholicism as the official religion.
The king could not leave the country without the consent of the courts, nor could he bestow the crown, sign treaties, or dissolve the courts. All royal decisions had
Read MoreHuman Digestive System: Functions, Anatomy, and Diseases
Digestive System Physiology
Gastrointestinal Tract Function
The gastrointestinal tract, a 10-12 meter tube with associated glands, digests food, transforming complex molecules into simple, usable substances for the body.
The Digestive Process
Digestion starts in the mouth where food mixes with saliva, is crushed by chewing, and formed into a bolus for swallowing.
Stomach Functions
The stomach, a muscular bag, secretes gastric juice, mixing food into chyme. This semi-fluid mass then passes to the duodenum.
Nietzsche’s Philosophy: Dionysian, Nihilism, and Transmutation of Values
1. Dionysian
Nietzsche, on the Greek mind, identified two opposing trends:
– Apollonian, of Apollo, favoring light and reason. The Apollonian view attributes order and sense to the world.
– Dionysian, of the god Dionysus, is associated with darkness, instincts, and ecstasy. When the Dionysian dominates, the world appears as chaos and chance. For Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, art was more than entertainment; it was a way to decipher reality. Nietzsche admired Greek tragedy (especially Aeschylus)
Tackling School Challenges: Solutions for Educators and Parents
Racism at School
Do you think racism is still among us at schools? It is, and some schools are implementing programs to combat it. Children from diverse ethnic backgrounds or whose parents are immigrants are more likely to face comments and aggression at school. Therefore, we must teach children that every act has its consequences. Misbehavior can lead to punishment, while contributing to solutions can be rewarded.
Proposed Solutions
1. Student-Selected Consequences: Children, under teacher supervision,
Read MoreEvolution of the European Union: Treaties, Enlargement, and Institutions
The Process of European Union Integration
In 1946, Winston Churchill advocated for a unified Europe to end rivalries and create a global power comparable to the U.S. and the USSR. The process of EU integration began a few years later with the founding treaties:
Founding Treaties
- Treaty of Paris (1951): Established the European Coal and Steel Community, a common market for France, West Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries.
- Treaty of Rome (1957): Created the European Economic Community, establishing
Understanding Anxiety: Symptoms, Disorders, and Coping Strategies
Anxiety
– Is a phenomenon of every age and culture; it is therefore a universal experience.
It has to do with endocrine and cholinergic mediators on alert that the person experiences, and it has a number of symptoms such as tachycardia and sweating. This is a principle of stress.
Feeling anxious is a way of life for many people and occurs frequently and regularly. Only when anxiety interferes with a person’s life do we talk about an anxiety disorder.
It comes in 100% of major or minor mental disorders
Read MoreEvolution of Communism and Global Economic Shifts
China
China’s communist system began with Mao Zedong’s arrival in 1949, marked by five-year plans, collectivization, and a focus on heavy industry. However, this model was not fully applicable after 1957 as China was predominantly agricultural. The nation implemented its own model of people’s communes and rural collectivization. In the mid-1960s, larger units were formed. From 1966 to 1969, the Cultural Revolution occurred, advocating for smaller production units. From 1970 until eight years after
Read MoreSpain’s Early 20th Century: Political Instability and Primo de Rivera’s Coup
Read MoreHowever, political parties were divided into two trends: aliadófilos (Liberals and Democrats) and Germanophiles (Conservatives). Economic prosperity, fueled by supplying raw materials to warring countries, initially favored neutrality. This led to industrial expansion and capital accumulation but also higher prices and a decline in living standards, causing social unrest. By 1917, the Restoration political system faced a serious crisis. A military crisis arose as the government sought to reduce