Origins and Role of Philosophy: From Myth to Reason
Origins of Philosophy
From the sixth century, a properly philosophical thought existed. Prior to that, mythical explanations, stories, or legends were used to understand and master the world. Myths and magical forces resorted to arbitrary explanations, a result of the gods’ will.
Myths
The term “myth” comes from the Greek word mythos, meaning immediate narration. Myths have an explanatory and exemplary function, involving stories and beliefs. They aim to appease or promote human action, stimulate creative
Read MoreHuman Reproduction: System, Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Delivery
Item 7: Human Reproductive System
Sexual Reproduction
Humans reproduce sexually. Women produce gametes called eggs, and men produce male gametes called sperm. These two cells combine to form a zygote.
Fertilization is internal; the sperm and egg bind within the female reproductive system. Humans are viviparous.
- Gamete Production: In specialized reproductive organs.
- Fertilization: The union of two gametes within the female reproductive tract, forming a single-celled zygote.
- Zygote Development: Within the
Exploring Philosophy: From Myth to Rationality
U1 – Myth, Science, and Philosophy
Philosophy: A psychic activity reflecting on concepts and ideas. It’s a body of knowledge acquired and arranged methodically, seeking explanations for natural and human phenomena.
1.1 The Origin of Philosophy – VI BC
Term Philosophy:
- Philo – love, friendship
- Sophia – wisdom
- Love of wisdom
Philosophy is an activity, a pursuit of knowledge, and a critical approach that doesn’t accept anything dogmatically.
1.2 The Question of Philosophy
Two types of questions arise from human
Read MoreScientific Method in Human Sciences: Bunge and Wallace Models
3.3. Deployment Models of Scientific Method in the Human Sciences: Bunge, Wallace.
As mentioned above, the scientific method developed by Galileo and Bacon has undergone numerous modifications and adaptations for greater efficiency and responsiveness to scientific developments. The literature abounds with methodologies that mostly align with the phases of the method and its required assumptions, often adapted to specific research areas. Among these, we will briefly present Mario Bunge’s model and
Read MoreEuropean and Spanish Topography, Rivers, and Climates
European Physical Geography
Europe, with an area of 10.4 million km2, is the second smallest continent. Its territory features low and medium altitudes, averaging 340m. There are three main geographical units:
- Mountains, Ancient Massifs, and Plateaus: Located to the northwest and east, including the Scandinavian mountains, Ural Mountains, and the French Central Massif.
- Plains: Situated in central and eastern Europe, stretching from France to Russia.
- Alpine Ranges: Found along the Mediterranean coast,
Nucleic Acids: Composition, Structure, and Function
Composition of Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biological macromolecules responsible for storing, transmitting, and expressing genetic information in all living organisms. They include DNA and RNA, both of which are composed of nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (pentose), and a phosphoric acid molecule.
Nitrogenous Bases
Nitrogenous bases are heterocyclic compounds containing carbon and nitrogen, with a flat structure. There are two types:
- Purines:
Understanding Cultural Anthropology: Societies, Identity, and Language
Contributions of Cultural Anthropology
Cultural anthropology studies the lifestyles of different human groups and their evolution. It examines institutions and interprets cultural expressions to understand their meaning, attempting to reproduce the cultural evolution experienced in their way of living and interacting with others.
The First Societies
- Egalitarian societies based on hunting and gathering.
- Leadership by experienced individuals.
Agricultural Societies
- New economic forms: accumulation and redistribution
Amadeo I & the Tumultuous First Spanish Republic (1870-1874)
Reign of Amadeo I
Amadeo was elected king through the efforts of Prim, who aimed to prevent the proclamation of a republic. However, on the very day the king landed in Cartagena, December 30, 1870, Prim died in Madrid, a victim of an attack. With his main supporter gone, Amadeo’s reign faced an uphill battle. The identity of Prim’s killer was never discovered.
Amadeo entered Madrid on January 2, 1871, swore allegiance to the constitution, and initiated Spain’s first experience with a democratic monarchy.
Read MoreSpain’s Second Republic: From Revolution to Civil War (1931-1936)
October 1934 Revolution
In Spain, on October 5, 1934, monitoring irregular activities, suppressed militarily by the government, led to a declaration of a state of war. This only ignited the revolution in Catalonia, with the proclamation of the Estat Català, and in Asturias, where miners staged a workers’ revolution.
The Revolution in Asturias
The Workers’ Alliance, composed of socialists, communists, and anarchists, mobilized some 20,000 miners, arranged in columns or armed militias. These workers’
Read MoreMastering Core OOP Concepts: Type Casting to Inheritance
What is type casting? Explain with suitable example.? 5 marks
Type casting refers to the process of converting a variable from one data type to another. It is commonly used in programming when the operations or functions involved require data of a specific type. Type casting can be done explicitly (manual casting) or implicitly (automatic conversion).
Types of Type Casting:
1.)Implicit Type Casting (Type Promotion): The compiler automatically converts a smaller data type to a larger data type to prevent
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