Spanish Theater Trends in the Early 20th Century
At the beginning of the 20th century, a predominant trend was realistic and naturalistic drama. This was the most commercial form of theater, intended to reflect the social reality of the moment. The characteristics of this stage are:
- Sets that give the viewer the illusion of reality.
- The actor must embody the character as if they were the same person.
- The viewer must forget they are in the theater.
During the first decades of this century, there was a constant renewal of performing trends, mainly due
Read MoreValentine’s Day: History, Stories, and Love
Who is Saint Valentine?
February 14th is Valentine’s Day. Valentine is the patron saint of lovers. There are several versions regarding the history of Saint Valentine’s life. The most common one is as follows: Saint Valentine was a priest who was imprisoned and beheaded on February 14th.
The story says that many children loved Valentine. He was their friend. To comfort him, the children passed him messages of love through the bars of his cell. This is perhaps the explanation for the sweet notes that
Read MoreSpanish Literature After the Civil War (1939-Present)
Spanish Literature Since 1936
The postwar period brought two main literary trends:
- A conservative aesthetic trend, cultivated by authors ideologically close to the regime.
- Literature expressing existential despair caused by war, evolving toward social criticism in the 1950s.
Existential Fiction in the 1940s
In 1939, the cultural landscape was bleak; many writers were exiled, and literature was determined by censorship. Around 1942, the novel took a new direction, becoming existential, with key themes
Read MoreMastering Linear Equations: Forms, Slope, and Intercepts
Forms of Linear Equations
1. Slope-Intercept Form
This form is represented as:
y = mx + b
- m = slope (rise/run)
- b = where the line crosses the y-axis (y-intercept)
How to Use:
- Start at b (on the y-axis).
- Use the slope (rise/run) to plot more points.
Example:
If m = 2 and b = -3, the equation is:
y = 2x – 3
2. Point-Slope Form
This form uses:
y – y₁ = m(x – x₁)
- m = slope
- (x₁, y₁) = a point on the line
Steps to Convert to Slope-Intercept Form:
- Start with the formula: y – y₁ = m(x – x₁)
- Distribute (multiply)
Earth’s Atmosphere: Composition, Layers, and Phenomena
Atmosphere: Composition and Structure
The Earth’s atmosphere is primarily composed of nitrogen (78.88%) and oxygen (20.95%).
Troposphere
In the troposphere, the density gradient decreases with elevation. Approximately 50% of the atmospheric mass is found below 5.5 km, and 75% is below 11 km. The temperature decreases by an average of 6°C per kilometer of elevation.
Atmospheric nitrogen is recycled through human activities and microbial action on animal waste. Oxygen is mainly recycled through respiration
Read MoreElectoral Systems: Key Elements and Impact
The main elements of an electoral system are:
- The size of the assembly (the number of seats). Its incidence is relativized by the magnitude of the districts in which those seats are distributed among parties.
- Constituency Size (number of seats to be allocated within it). The precinct is the basic unit on which the operation proceeds to transform votes into seats. It is the element of the electoral system that has a greater impact on proportionality, conditioning it to a greater extent than other elements
Cereal Grains: Structure, Composition, and Dough Making
Grasses: Cereals are cultivated grasses, members of the monocotyledonous family Poaceae. Do not confuse them with pulses, which are legumes. The fruit (grain) develops after pollination. Pseudo-cereals include quinoa and amaranth.
Grain Structure
Embryo: 2 to 10% of the grain. It consists of the embryonic axis (EA) and scutellum (S). The EA contains primordial roots and shoots with leaf initials. The S is a secretory and absorptive organ that connects with the endosperm and releases hormones and enzymes
Read MoreSpanish Literature: Renaissance to Baroque
Spanish Literature: From Renaissance to Baroque
Conjunctions
Copulative (y, e, ni), disjunctive (o, u, o bien), adversative (pero, mas, sin embargo, no obstante, aunque, sino), explanatory (i.e., es decir, o sea, mejor dicho), distributive (ya… ya…, bien… bien…, ora… ora…, unos… otros…).
Second Generation Petrarchan Poets (1550-1600)
Fray Luis de León and San Juan de la Cruz represent religious literature. What happened in Spain to cause the shift from the loving literature of Garcilaso
Read MoreC Code Examples: Neurons, Vectors, and ID Validation
Neurons
The following C code demonstrates a simple neuron activation function.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int entry[5], weights[5], limit, and;
putchar('\n');
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Entry%d: ", i);
scanf("%d", &entry[i]);
}
putchar('\n');
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Weight%d: ", i);
scanf("%d", &weights[i]);
}
putchar('\n');
printf("Limit: ");
scanf("%d", &limit);
Semiotics, Semiology, and Linguistic Signs
Semiotics vs. Semiology
The main differences between semiotics and semiology are:
- Semiotics: A system of thought that explicitly seeks to mediate between the natural environment and its perception in consciousness.
- Semiology: Limited to the intralinguistic and mental sphere, isolated from the experiential world by an idealized world of concepts.
Ferdinand de Saussure’s Contributions
Ferdinand de Saussure is best known as the founder of modern linguistics and semiology. He proposed that language use has
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