Key Concepts in 20th Century History: A Concise Review
Key Concepts in 20th Century History
Keynesianism
Keynesianism: An economic doctrine developed by the followers of the economist John Maynard Keynes. His ideas were key to overcoming the crisis of 1929. He argued that the state, through tax increases and investment in social welfare, could stimulate economic growth, opposing liberal economic policy.
Welfare State
Welfare State: Governments intervened in the economy and nationalized important companies and banks. They raised taxes to fund quality education
Read MoreUnderstanding Visual and Auditory Deficits: Early Detection and Intervention
Visual Deficit
1.1. Sight:
- Sense that allows us to keep in touch with the world and integrate information.
- Roles/Functions:
- Geographical orientation
- Knowledge of the world (object perception)
- Social relations (face perception)
- Face and body = Signs of identity
- Non-verbal communication (body language, facial expressions)
- Lip-reading (visual sign for speech)
- Route:
Eyes à Optic nerve à Optic chiasm à Optic tract à Thalamus à Visual cortex
There are persons who see and hear all but they have a cerebral damage
Read MoreUnderstanding Relevance Theory: Visual Metaphors & Communication
Relevance Theory and Communication
1) Steps and Comprehension According to Relevance Theory
Relevance Theory is a pragmatic theory within cognitive pragmatics. Its main objective is to identify the underlying mechanisms in human psychology that explain how humans communicate. Comprehension, according to Relevance Theory, involves answering three key questions to identify the speaker’s meanings:
- What was the intended explicit context?
- What was the intended implicit context?
- What was the intended context
Understanding Raw Materials, Energy Sources, and Industrial Sectors
Raw Materials and Resources
Raw material resources are obtained or semi-processed products. Mineral-ore deposits are known or discovered resources that can be exploited immediately using current techniques or not. Mineral reserves are well-known resources that can be exploited with current techniques.
Energy Sources
Energy sources provide useful energy for various applications, such as industry. Energia is the ability to do work and can be renewable or nonrenewable. It’s important to distinguish between
Read MorePragmatics: Illocutionary Acts, Implicature, and Politeness
Direct vs. Indirect Illocutions
The direct illocution of an utterance is indicated by a literal reading of its grammatical form and vocabulary. The indirect illocution is any further illocution or meaning the utterance may have beyond the literal interpretation.
Searle’s Five Categories of Illocutionary Acts
Searle categorized illocutionary acts into five types:
- Assertives: Speech acts that commit a speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition (e.g., stating, asserting).
- Directives: Speech acts
Understanding Homelessness: Causes, Profiles, and Recovery
The Process of Social Exclusion and Homelessness
Social exclusion is a complex process influenced by many interrelated factors.
- Housing: Factors related to rental policies, income and wealth distribution, pensions, social policies, legislation, and housing prices.
- Individual Factors: Age, gender, race, status, physical and mental health, and disorders such as alcohol or drug addiction, and compulsive gambling.
- Family-Relational Factors: Conflicts and ruptures, widowhood, loss of social networks and
Integrating Language Skills: Content, Tasks, and Themes
Integrating Language Skills in Curriculum Design
Segregation vs. Integration
Segregation:
- Focus on language forms predisposes curriculum designers to segment courses into separate language skills.
- Administrative considerations often make it easier to program separate courses.
- Specific purposes for which students are studying English may be best labeled by one of the four skills, especially at the high intermediate to advanced levels.
Integration:
- Production and reception are two sides of the same coin.
Understanding Information Systems: Key Concepts & Components
Key Concepts of Information Systems
1. Entity-Relationship (ER) Model
The Entity-Relationship (ER) model is based on a perception of the real world that consists of a collection of basic objects called entities and relationships between these objects.
An Entity is an object that is distinguishable from other objects by means of a specific set of attributes.
2. Registration-Based Logical Models
Register-based logical models are used to describe data in conceptual and physical models. They specify the
Read MoreUnderstanding Knowledge: Epistemology, Belief, and Truth
The sciences provide us with knowledge about reality, or a part of reality. However, we also possess other kinds of knowledge, acquired directly through our experience and culturally transmitted. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that analyzes knowledge, determining its origin, methods for obtaining it, and its limits. The interest in knowledge has been constant throughout history. Since the seventeenth century, the problem of knowledge has gained significant importance, with epistemological
Read MoreSentence Transformations: Practice and Examples
1. The inventor was worried because his invention didn’t work.
If his invention had worked, the inventor wouldn’t have been worried.
2. I fell asleep because the film was boring.
It was such a boring film that I fell asleep.
3. ‘Are you coming to my office tomorrow?’ Tom said to his partner.
Tom asked his partner if he was coming to his office the following day.
4. The police chief fought against the Mafia. He received death threats.
In spite of receiving death threats, the police chief fought against