Essential Concepts in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Core Concepts in Rehabilitation Terminology
Disability
Definition of Disability
Disability is any restriction or lack of ability (resulting from an impairment) to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.
Key Points on Disability
- It may be physical, sensory, intellectual, or mental in nature.
- It results from impairments (loss or abnormality of structure or function) and leads to handicap (disadvantage in fulfilling a role in society).
- Examples include paralysis,
Core Methods and Inquiry in Political Science Research
The Role of Research Methods in Political Science
Political Science is not merely the study of ideas and theories, but a systematic body of knowledge that helps us understand how political events, policies, and power structures function. To understand these aspects deeply and with evidence, research methods are essential. These methods provide a systematic framework for observation, data collection, and analysis so that the conclusions can be reliable and verifiable.
Defining Research
The word Research
Read MoreThe Physics of Focus: Attention, Entropy, and Consciousness
The Physics of Attention
Attention is the most valuable resource we have, though it is weightless, invisible, and unmeasurable by any instrument. Like energy, it cannot be created from nothing; it must be drawn from somewhere. Every choice to focus on one thing is a quiet act of neglect toward everything else.
Modern life has made this trade-off more violent than ever. We live inside an ecosystem designed to fracture concentration into packets of dopamine. Notifications, feeds, and algorithms are
Read MoreHuman Anatomy: Skull Structure, Cardiac Circulation, and Vascular Systems
Anatomy of the Skull and Face Bones
Bones Forming the Cranium
The following bones form the skull:
- Frontal
- Parietal (2)
- Temporal (2)
- Occipital
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
Key Structures of the Skull
Right Side Structures:
- Coronal Suture
- Frontal Bone
- Ethmoid Bone
- Lacrimal Bone
- Nasal Bone
- Zygomatic Bone (Malar)
- Maxilla
- Mandible
Left Side Structures:
- Parietal Bone
- Sphenoid Bone
- Occipital Bone
- Temporal Bone
- Mastoid Process
- External Acoustic Meatus (Hearing Canal)
- Styloid Process
Cardiac Valves and Blood Flow
Semilunar Valves: Structure and
Read MoreGlossary of Agricultural, Livestock, and Land Use Terminology
Agricultural and Land Use Definitions
Extensive Agriculture Definition
Extensive agriculture is that which is practiced in regions with low population density. It requires low labor input, is minimally mechanized, and utilizes large spaces for growing various products.
Intensive Agriculture Characteristics
Intensive agriculture produces huge quantities of products continuously in reduced spaces. It is characterized because it increases productivity in a short time, using irrigation, fertilizers, and
Read MoreClassification and Types of Mental Health Disorders
Understanding Major Categories of Mental Disorders
Like physical ailments, there are various types of mental disorders. The list of these disorders ranges from minor anxiety to severe conditions such as schizophrenia. The standard classification system used is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The branch of psychology that deals with these disorders is called abnormal psychology.
1. Disorders of Childhood
The DSM classifies various kinds of childhood disorders, usually
Read MoreBusiness Ethics and HR Management: Principles for Success
Core Principles of Business Ethics
Business ethics refers to the moral principles and values that guide the behavior of businesses and their stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, and the wider community. It involves applying ethical standards to business decisions and actions, ensuring they are fair, transparent, and responsible.
Why Business Ethics Matters
- Builds Trust: Ethical business practices build trust with customers, employees, and other stakeholders, leading to long-term
Regional Geography and Planning: Concepts, Criteria, and Development Models
Foundations of Regional Geography
Formal and Functional Regions
Functional and formal regions are two distinct ways of understanding and organizing geographical space.
A formal region is defined by one or more measurable, shared traits that make it relatively uniform across the area. These traits can be physical, cultural, or economic. For example, a country like Japan is a formal region because it has official boundaries, a common government, and a generally shared culture and language. Similarly,
Read MoreThe Journey Motif in Literature: From Physical to Inner Worlds
The Physical Journey in Medieval Literature
In the medieval period, the protagonist is often a hero, a demigod, or a divinely protected figure. The knight of virtue, as an incarnation of the values of a theocentric era founded on Christianity, is oriented toward a quest to recover or establish his honor and prove his loyalty to the crown he serves. This was the case for El Cid, who, after being banished, toured Spain and fought against the Moors to gain territories, thus regaining his honor and the
Read MoreEssential Business Math and Financial Formulas
1. Average Calculation Formula
Formula: Average = (Sum of all values) / (Number of values)
Example: Find the average of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30
- Sum = 10 + 15 + 20 + 25 + 30 = 100
- Number of values = 5
- Average = 100 / 5 = 20
2. Ratio and Proportion Formulas
Ratio: a:b = a/b
Proportion: If a:b = c:d, then a/b = c/d or ad = bc
Example: If 3:4 = x:12, find x
- 3/4 = x/12
- 3 × 12 = 4 × x
- 36 = 4x
- x = 9
3. Percentage Formulas
Basic Percentage: Percentage = (Part / Whole) × 100
Percentage Increase/Decrease: ((New Value – Old
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