Understanding Common Diseases, Drugs, and Their Effects
Diseases and Their Impact on Health
Diseases are functional or organic disorders that negatively affect human well-being.
Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases are transmitted through infection. Transmission can occur through:
- Direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects.
- Inhaling water droplets or saliva containing germs.
- Consuming contaminated food or water.
- Insect vectors.
- Indirect contact.
The body has evolved defenses to prevent microorganism entry, including:
- Skin
- Mucous membranes
- Macrophages
These
Read MorePast Simple, Present Simple, Present Continuous, and More
Past Simple
The past simple is formed by adding -ed to regular verbs or using the irregular verb form. Here are some examples of irregular verbs:
- be/was, were
- beat/beat
- become/became
- begin/began
- bend/bent
- bite/bit
- blow/blew
- break/broke
- bring/brought
- broadcast/broadcast
- build/built
- burn/burnt
- burst/burst
- buy/bought
- can/could
- catch/caught
- choose/chose
- come/came
- cost/cost
- creep/crept
- cut/cut
- dig/dug
- do/did
- draw/drew
- dream/dreamt
- drink/drank
- drive/drove
- eat/ate
- fall/fell
- feed/fed
- feel/felt
- fight/fought
- find/found
- fly/flew
- forbid/forbade
- forget/
Cardiopulmonary Bypass, ECG, Pacemakers, Kidney Filtration, and More
Heart-Lung Machine: Working Principle
A heart-lung machine, also known as a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) machine, is a medical device used to temporarily take over the functions of the heart and lungs during surgery. It is essential for complex cardiac procedures that require the heart to be stopped.
Working Principle:
- Anticoagulation: The patient is given anticoagulant medication to prevent blood clots.
- Cardiotomy: A surgical incision is made in the right atrium, and a cannula is inserted to drain
First and Third Carlist Wars: Impact on the Basque Country
First Carlist War (1833-1840)
The main reasons for the war were a succession problem and tensions between liberalism and absolutism. It started with the appointment of a successor. Ferdinand VII invalidated the Salic Law and substituted the Pragmatic Sanction, naming his daughter Isabella as Queen. When Ferdinand VII died, two groups formed:
- Absolutists (supporting Carlos Maria Isidro)
- Liberals (supporting Isabella)
Isabella was only 3 years old, so Maria Cristina assumed the regency. The claim of Carlos
Read MoreGrammar Practice: Enhance Your English Proficiency
English Grammar Exercises
A. 9
- They will look after the puppies.
- … before we came across any water.
- The letters BBC stand for British…
- … job you must fill in this form.
- He considered the matter over carefully, but…
- When the noise died down, the lecturer…
B. 9
- Sorry, I forgot to buy the chocolate.
- I will remember meeting Mr. Mandela.
- It is important to avoid stepping on small…
- When we stopped working, we started chatting.
- He regrets moving to the capital.
C. 9
- The rise in prices (h. resulted)…
- It wasn’t
Understanding Proteins, Genetic Code, and Biotechnology
Proteins are biomolecules formed by the union of amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids in proteins. Changing a single amino acid causes the protein to be different. Each cell produces thousands of proteins using their ribosomes from free amino acids that exist in the cytoplasm.
There is a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) that acts as a messenger, copying genetic information from DNA to ribosomes and transporting it from the cytoplasm. The mRNA has a sequence complementary to the bases
Read MoreUnderstanding Personhood, State, Society, and Law
Understanding Personhood
A human being is an autonomous and free original, educated (learning) being, gifted with intelligence and will, and is responsible for their actions and can love.
Etymologically from the Greek prosopom (mask).
Juridical Persons
From the juridical point of view, there are two types:
- Natural Person: Defined as every individual of the human species, whatever their age, lineage, sex, or human condition. Attributes include name, marital status, nationality, and address.
- Juridical Person:
Properties and Applications of Non-Ferrous Metals
Classification of Non-Ferrous Metals
Non-ferrous metals are classified as heavy, light, and ultralight. Generally, non-ferrous metals are soft and have little mechanical resistance. Their properties improve when alloyed with other metals.
Key Non-Ferrous Metals and Their Properties
Tin
Tin is a relatively scarce metal in the Earth’s crust and is often found in mines. The most exploited tin ore is cassiterite, where tin is found in oxide form. Key characteristics include:
- Pure tin has a bright, silvery
Civil War Origins and Uprising: 1936 Spain
Origins of the Spanish Civil War: 1936
The origins of the Spanish Civil War can be traced to the deteriorating living conditions that followed the electoral victory of the Popular Front. The spring of 1936 was marked by clashes between right-wing organizations and leftist groups, who engaged in open struggle in the streets and universities. These confrontations, often involving militias and the Falange, created an escalation of violence that the government was unable to control.
The unrest also reached
Read MoreNietzsche’s Critique of Platonism: Tragedy & Metaphysics
Criticism of Platonism
The Tragedy
In “The Birth of Tragedy,” Nietzsche describes a new conception of reality where life is pierced by tragedy. The phenomenon of tragedy represents the true nature of reality, showing how the individualized self emerges from the depths of life and dissolves in death. Tragedy expresses the continuous cycle of world construction and destruction. Nietzsche identifies two aesthetic forces, the Apollonian and the Dionysian, that are perpetually in combat, yet cannot exist
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