Understanding Criminal Law: History, Principles, and Evolution
Criminal Law
Criminal law is a body of knowledge and principles methodically ordered to elucidate the content of norms and institutions. These are grouped to apply to current cases according to strict criteria of justice (Toledo St. Francis of Assisi).
Historical Overview
Criminal Code of the Republic – 1890
Consolidation of Criminal Laws – 1936
Criminal Code – 1940
Constitution – 1988, art. 22, I
Primitive Times
Sociocultural characteristics:
- Environment of magic and religion.
- Presence of pests, drought
Understanding Partnerships, Limited Partnerships, and Corporations
Partnerships, Limited Partnerships, and Corporations
General Partnership
A general partnership operates under a collective name, with all partners bearing joint and several unlimited liability for the partnership’s obligations.
Key Features:
- Character Personality: Membership is not transferable without the consent of all other partners.
- Title: The partnership name will include the names of all, some, or one of the partners. In the latter two cases, “& Company” must be added, along with the abbreviations
Mastering Past Continuous vs. Past Simple: Grammar Guide
Past Continuous vs. Past Simple: Understanding the Difference
The past continuous and past simple tenses are essential for describing events in the past. Understanding when to use each one is crucial for clear and accurate communication.
Past Continuous
When to Use It?
- An action in the past that overlaps another action or a specific time. We use the past continuous to express a longer action. We use the past simple to express a short action that occurs in the middle of the longer action. We can join
Cold War: Origins, Key Events, and Global Impact
The Cold War: A Global Confrontation
The Cold War was a political, ideological, economic, technological, and military confrontation that took place during the twentieth century between the Western-capitalist blocs, led by the United States, and the Eastern-communist blocs, led by the Soviet Union. China subsequently separated to create its own sphere of influence.
The blocs did not directly engage in armed conflict. The U.S. defended capitalist politics, claiming to represent democracy and freedom.
Read MoreGeography & Climatology Glossary: Key Terms Explained
Geography & Climatology Glossary
- Alcornoke: Evergreen hardwood with thick bark, used for cork, growing in siliceous soils with high rainfall.
- Flurry: Mobile deposit left by a water course formed by boulders.
- Thermal Amplitude: Difference between maximum and minimum temperatures.
- Anticyclone: Mass of high atmospheric pressure; pressure decreases from the center outwards, exceeding 1013 millibars.
- Aridity: Condition resulting from a lack of rainwater.
- Avenida / Flood: River flood flow.
- Badland: Formation
Transformation of Society: Economy, Class, and Labor
The Industrial Revolution
General Concepts
- The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the mid-18th century.
- It consisted of a set of large-scale changes that transformed an agricultural and trade economy into an industrialized one.
- The causes were:
- Increased agricultural production through fertilizers, land utilization, and machinery.
- Improved livestock quality, providing food for the population and raw materials for industry.
- Rapid population growth, decreased mortality, and improvements in hygiene
Oxy-Acetylene Welding: Techniques, Equipment & Safety
Welded Joints: An Introduction
Welded joints: These are created through a welding process, generally joining two pieces by using a heat source to achieve fusion. There are two main types:
- Homogeneous
- Heterogeneous
Oxy-Acetylene Torch Welding
Oxy-Acetylene Torch: This involves reaching the fusion temperature at the edges of the pieces being welded, or reaching the appropriate temperature to melt the filler rod when welding materials of different natures (heterogeneous welding).
Gases Used in Oxy-Acetylene
Read MoreLivestock Farming: Trends, Breeds, and Regional Specialization
Livestock Farming: A Historical and Modern Perspective
Livestock farming experienced significant growth in the latter half of the 20th century, driven by evolving dietary habits. Rising living standards led to increased consumption of meat and dairy products, fueling demand.
For centuries, sheep farming, characterized by transhumance via the Mesta system, held paramount importance. Subsequently, goat and cattle farming gained prominence, followed by pig, poultry, rabbit farming, and beekeeping, often
Read MoreDisk Scheduling Algorithms: FIFO, SSF, SCAN, C-SCAN
Disk Scheduling Algorithms
A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.
seek: 0. 0. 0. 0. 8. 8. 8. 14.
cyl req 12. 4. 10 2. 20. 3. 17. 4
If these requests are served in FIFO order, then the following sequence of seeks ensues:
At time 0, requests A, B, C, and D arrive. To serve A, we seek 4 cylinders outward from 8 to 12. At time 4, we seek 8 cylinders inward to reach cylinder 4 and serve B (meanwhile E, F, G arrive). At time 12, we seek 6 cylinders outward to 10 to serve C (meanwhile H arrives).
At time 18, we seek 8 cylinders
Read MoreComputer Fundamentals: Key Concepts Explained
Computer Fundamentals: Key Concepts
What is a Control Unit?
The Control Unit (CU) supervises the input, output, processing, and storage operations. It determines when to start and stop data reception, and where to store data. It manages the step-by-step processing of all operations within the computer.
Memory System Explained
There are two main types of computer memory:
- Primary Memory: An integral part of the computer system, directly accessible by the processing unit. RAM is an example.
- Secondary Memory: