Spanish Legal System: Business, Competition & IP Law
Spanish Legal Sources and Hierarchy
National Laws
- Organic Law: Governs the development of fundamental rights and public liberties. Requires an absolute majority in the Congress of Deputies for approval.
- Ordinary Law: Approved by Parliament (requiring a simple majority in Congress). Organic and Ordinary laws are not hierarchically superior to each other but apply to different subject matters.
- Legislative Decrees: Issued by the government, consolidating existing rules based on parliamentary delegation.
Britain: Union, Industry, and Victorian Era Challenges
Act of Union and Imperial Parliament
Ireland suffered an English conquest that led to its union with the Kingdom of Great Britain. On 5 November 1800, George III issued a proclamation abolishing the Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain. In doing so, he not only succeeded where Guy Fawkes had failed on the same day 195 years earlier, but he also paved the way for the opening of the new ‘Imperial Parliament’ of Great Britain and Ireland, which duly opened its doors for its first session at the
Read MoreCore Philosophical Concepts: Thought, Knowledge, Human Nature
Human Needs and the Search for Meaning
Humans look beyond basic needs; they seek meaning in life. The term Cosmos expresses the universal harmony governed by laws.
Myth (Mito) vs. Logos
- Myth (Mito): Imaginative stories about origins, often featuring anthropomorphic characters representing natural elements. Common sense understanding.
- Logos: Word, speech, reason. Represents a shift towards rational explanation.
Mythical Thought
Homer observes the naturalization of gods. Early thinkers like Thales proposed
Read MoreCorrales de Comedias & Baroque Poetic Styles
Corrales de Comedias: Spanish Baroque Theater
Theater achieved great popular success in the 17th century in Spain, with playwrights like Lope de Vega, Calderón de la Barca, and others. Plays were significant social events, as theater was the most popular form of entertainment at the time.
The corrales de comedias (pens theater) were typically open courtyards surrounded by houses. At one end of the yard stood the stage, usually without scenery and often without a curtain.
Layout and Audience
The general
Read MoreFuture Aspirations, Social Issues Glossary & Grammar Notes
My Future Plans and Goals
In three months, I will be out of the San Jose de la Montaña school. I will graduate, and we will go to a hotel. I will pass all the subjects in June and will travel to London. When I am in Malaga, I will go to the beach with my friends. When summer ends, I will go to La Rosaleda, study, and pass my subjects. After finishing my studies, I will work in the National Police Corps. When I start working, I will buy my house, get married, and live with my husband. When I am 30
Read MoreA Journey Through British Literature: Anglo-Saxon to 20th Century
Anglo-Saxon Times
Beowulf
The Middle Ages (1066-1500)
Poetry
Geoffrey Chaucer (The Canterbury Tales)
The Elizabethan Age (1558-1603)
William Shakespeare
The 17th Century
Poetry
John Milton (Paradise Lost)
The 18th Century
The Age of Reason
Prose
Jonathan Swift (Gulliver’s Travels)
Daniel Defoe (Robinson Crusoe)
Samuel Richardson (Pamela)
Henry Fielding (Tom Jones)
Horace Walpole (Castle of Otranto)
The Romantic Movement (1789-1832)
Jane Austen
Sir Walter Scott (Ivanhoe)
Mary Shelley (Frankenstein)
Poetry
William Blake
Read MoreCatholic Monarchs & Visigothic Rule in Hispania
Catholic Monarchs
Dynastic Union and Government System
Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile (the Catholic Monarchs) achieved the dynastic union of the Crowns of Castile and Aragon. This personal union aimed to become a political union, establishing domain representation, religious unity for their subjects, and centralization of power, attempting to reduce the influence of the nobles.
However, the agreement did not mean immediate territorial or institutional unification; each kingdom initially
Read MoreFundamentals of Control Systems, Automation, and Robotics
Control Systems and Automation Concepts
Control System Definition
A control system is a set of devices integrated into a machine used to manage or regulate its behavior, ensuring a specific magnitude (like temperature, speed, or position) varies as desired. For a machine to operate automatically, it must incorporate a control system.
Types of Control Systems
Open-Loop Control Systems
These systems operate for a predetermined duration or sequence, irrespective of changes occurring in the environment during
Read MoreRosas & Rivadavia: Shaping 19th Century Argentina
Juan Manuel de Rosas: Buenos Aires Governor
Juan Manuel de Rosas was an Argentine politician who served as Governor of Buenos Aires during the periods 1829-1832 and 1835-1852. He effectively held power for over 20 years, wielding extraordinary powers granted by the provincial legislature, aiming to stabilize the country amidst political anarchy.
Rosas’ Early Life and Political Rise
Born in Buenos Aires into one of the city’s most prominent families, his birth name was Juan Manuel Ortiz de Rozas. He
Read MoreEnglish Writing Essentials: Essays, Articles, Emails, Reviews
Essay
Introduction
- Nowadays, there is an ongoing debate about [topic]… There are advantages and disadvantages.
- However, some people believe that…
- Every person is entitled to their own opinion.
- As far as I am concerned, I do not have real knowledge about this topic, but I believe…
First Paragraph
- Firstly, …
- I am fairly sure that you will all agree with me if I say the problem is evident.
- Connectors: However, Moreover, Therefore, Furthermore, Besides, In addition
- First Conditional: If + Subject + Present