Rise of Spanish Nationalisms: Catalonia, Basque Country, Galicia
Nationals: Centrality of Liberalismo in Spain
The liberal political system emerged from the Spanish Civil War (1833-1840). It was sustained by military and political elites representing conservative liberal sectors. These elites created a political regime and state model, imitating French uniforms, assuming national unity. The new centralized state organization aimed to ignore existing communities and dissolve them into a common integration process.
Bases of Peripheral Nationalisms
Initially, the movement
Read MoreMarketing Essentials: Competition, Research, Strategy, and Mix
Block 5: Concept Lessons and Market
The market encompasses all activities related to the sale of a product, involving both buyers and sellers.
Market Rates
Perfect Competition: Characterized by product homogeneity, numerous suppliers and customers, full market knowledge, and freedom of entry and exit.
Imperfect Competition: Occurs when some characteristics of perfect competition are not met.
Types of Imperfect Competition
- Monopoly: A single company controls the sale of a unique product or service, dictating
Understanding Property Rights: Features, Acquisition, and Limitations
Copyright
The rights to use, enjoy, and dispose of a thing exclusively, with legal restrictions and obligations.
Features
- Exclusive: Benefits only the owner, who asserts rights against all (erga omnes).
- Perpetual: Property is extinguished in time from the descendants of succession.
- Elastic: Use and benefits may be transferred, and the owner recovers power over the thing.
- Self-Existing: Does not require the support of another right.
- Integral Element: Of the subject property, natural and legal persons.
- Objective:
Early Christian Persecution: Causes, Legality, and Resolution
Persecution of Early Christians
Christianity faced significant challenges in its early centuries.
- Pagan polemicists attacked Christian practices, prompting written defenses (apologetics).
- False doctrines from bishops, priests, and monks caused internal divisions, addressed through councils with the Pope.
- Roman emperors initiated bloody persecutions, leading to martyrs and confessors.
Causes of Persecution
- Monotheism: Christians’ refusal to worship Roman gods led to accusations of intolerance.
- Jewish Opposition:
David Hume’s Philosophy: Knowledge, Ethics, and Politics
Life of David Hume (1711-1776)
The Scottish philosopher David Hume was initially pressured by his family to study law. However, his passion for philosophy led him to France, where he studied with followers of Descartes. His philosophical inquiries led to a period of depression, and his writings were later deemed atheistic, barring him from university positions. Despite these challenges, Hume made significant contributions to philosophy and wrote a history of England.
Influences and Concerns
Newton’
Read MoreCommon Sports Injuries: Diagnosis and Treatment
Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
Inflammation of the tendon on the lateral aspect of the elbow. Repeated contraction of forearm muscles strains tendon attachment points, often due to repetitive movements.
Causes
Excessive effort and repetitive motion in the lateral elbow area, common in activities like tennis.
Diagnosis
- Pain on the outside of the elbow.
- Localized pain with hand grip, wrist, or elbow extension movements.
- Pain during simple actions like lifting a bottle or cup.
- Decreased pain at night.
Treatment
Non-
Read MoreUnderstanding Employment Contracts: Legal Classifications and Implications
A) Definition and Subject of Employment Contract
Course A: Since 1 February 2000, Louis, who is a lawyer, has been serving as a legal adviser on behalf of the company IURISNET, Ltd. The parties called the lease of services. Initially, Luis advised and performed legal reports as the director of the legal department of IURISNET, SA, for which he attended the same one day a week, during regular office hours, and received a fixed monthly amount plus VAT, which was included in fees. He also attended
Spanish Constitutions of 1837 and 1845
Constitutional 37: Characteristics
The aim of the Cortes was progressive reform of the 1812 Constitution, but the result was a new Constitution: the Constitution of 1837. Liberals made a series of concessions:
- Maintaining national sovereignty, although only in the Preamble.
- The declaration of rights was more extensive and systematic.
- It was a short and flexible constitution, a “typical” progressive one, but was born weak due to the low turnout of moderates and the persistence of the Carlist War.
Liberals
Read MoreEnvironmental Impacts and Policies in the EU and Spain
Item 10 I: Economic Activity and Environmental Impact
The 20th-century economic model, based on mass production and excessive energy use, has caused significant environmental problems. These global issues require international commitments to address them. Key problems include:
- Air pollution: From industries, power stations, traffic, and heating, leading to global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, and urban pollution.
- Water pollution: Including overfishing, freshwater pollution from agriculture
Cloning, Stem Cells, Resources, Water, Soil, and Energy
Cloning
Cloning involves obtaining genetically identical copies of DNA molecules, cells, or organisms. It’s a natural process, such as DNA replication or asexual reproduction, but can also be directed purposefully. In labs, DNA is amplified by PCR, cells are cloned by culture, and organisms are cloned by nuclear transfer. Artificial cloning in mammals, like Dolly the sheep, involves transferring a cell nucleus into an enucleated egg. This process bypasses sexual fertilization and allows for obtaining
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