Laws of Propositional Logic
Laws of Propositional Logic | ||
|---|---|---|
Name | Sequent | Description |
Modus Ponens | If p then q; p; therefore q | |
Modus Tollens | If p then q; not q; therefore not p | |
Hypothetical Syllogism | If p then q; if q then r; therefore, if p then r | |
Disjunctive Syllogism | Either p or q, or both; not p; therefore, q | |
Constructive Dilemma | If p then q; and if r then s; but p or r; therefore q or s | |
Destructive Dilemma | If p then q; and if r then s; but not q or not s; therefore not p or not r | |
Bidirectional Dilemma | If p then q; and if r then s; but p or | |
Revolution & Industrialization: Key Events & Analysis
Key Events & Analysis: Revolution and Industrialization
Exercise 1: Timeline of Events
- CONST.AÑO3-1791
- BRIT IN DERR.EJE YORK-1781
- LUIS16 EXEC-1793
- DICTA ROBESPIER-1794
- PRIM CONGR Filadelf-1774
- ASAM legislate-1791
- Stamp Act 1765
- Reacções TERMIDOR-1799
- START WAR INDEP-1775
- FRANC AND ESP INDEP N. America Go to War-1799
Exercise 2: Matching Exercise
1-G ,2-E ,3-H, 4 -, 5 -, 6 – ,7-A ,8-J, 9 -, 10 -I
Exercise 3: Agricultural and Factory System Changes
Agricultural Change
Substitution of open fields by operating
Read MoreSocial Media Impact, CA Rail Project & E-Cigarette Health Risks
Facebook’s Impact on Users
Questions and Answers
- Based on the text:
- a) False. “Facebook can be a fun, healthy activity…”
- b) False. “A second study, completely independent from the first…”
- c) True. “A second study, completely independent from the first… than close friends or family.”
- d) True. “People may choose… romantic partners.”
Synonyms
- a) jealous — envious
- b) entertaining — fun
- c) teammate — colleague
- d) forecast — predict
- e) exactly — accurately
Sentence Completion
- a) They asked us if we
Modern Philosophy: Key Thinkers & Concepts
Modern Philosophy: Key Thinkers & Concepts
Friedrich Hegel
A child of Romanticism, Hegel believed truth is subjective and there’s no eternal truth or reason. He emphasized the role of history in shaping human thought, arguing that knowledge constantly increases and progresses. Hegel developed the concepts of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis within his dialectic framework for understanding and explaining history and evolution.
Soren Kierkegaard
Kierkegaard countered Hegel and Romanticism. Believing
Read MoreProduct Lifecycle and Market Segmentation Strategies
Product Lifecycle Stages
Like human beings, products have a lifecycle, a period in which they are introduced, grow, mature, and eventually decline. The duration of this lifecycle varies greatly depending on the product’s nature.
Introduction or Release Stage
This stage involves launching a new product, which can be entirely novel or an innovation based on existing products. As the product is largely unknown, sales are low and growth is slow.
Growth Stage
After the initial stage, the product gains recognition,
Read MoreUniverse Structure, Dark Matter, and Cosmic Destiny
Echo of the Big Bang: Background Radiation
The expansion of the universe caused the photons from the initial light radiation to cool down, reaching the current temperature. This cooling reduced the radiation’s intensity and increased its wavelength into the microwave frequencies. This phenomenon is known as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).
The Formation and Eras of Galaxies
Matter organized into atoms of hydrogen, helium, and lithium, forming a vast primordial nebula. Galaxies formed from this
Read MoreUnderstanding Sound and Light: Properties and Behaviors
Understanding Sound and Light
Sound Waves
Audible sounds are produced when a body vibrates at a frequency between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz.
- A wave is a disturbance of the medium that propagates through space.
- In a wave, energy is propagated, not matter.
- Sound waves consist of a succession of compressions and rarefactions (high and low pressure).
- Sound needs a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate.
- Sound travels through air at a speed of approximately 340 m/s at normal temperature. The speed is higher
Education Philosophy: Models, Dimensions, and Pillars
Philosophy of Education
The task of a philosophy of education is the questioning of the foundations of the analysis of education itself. These fundamentals center on theoretical research to understand and evaluate current educational ideas within various institutions of enseñanza. It picks up on faith as a discipline to establish autonomous philosophical studies based on a specific problem and a methodology best suited to its faith. It must situate itself as a branch of philosophy, an autonomous
Read MoreCore Philosophical Problems: Ontology, Knowledge & Being
Basic Problems of Philosophy
The fundamental problems of philosophy transcend time and space, representing generic issues common to all humankind. What varies is how these problems are addressed.
Ontological Problem
The ontological problem is the most fundamental, concerning the nature of being itself. It asks: what is it for something to exist? The main answers propose that this being is either a subject or a superior material.
The Problem of Being in Ancient Greek Philosophy
This problem arises from
Read MorePrimo de Rivera’s Civil Directory: Policy, Opposition & Fall
Primo de Rivera’s Civil Directory (1925-1930)
In December 1925, Miguel Primo de Rivera suggested to King Alfonso XIII that the Military Directory be replaced by a civilian government, marking the beginning of the Civil Directory period.
A National Consultative Assembly was convened in 1927. It consisted of 400 members, elected by limited suffrage, and was charged with drafting a new constitution. This proposed constitution outlined a state lacking national sovereignty and separation of powers. It
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