Embedded System Communication Protocols and Memory Concepts

UART Communication Protocol Details

UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) mode operates as follows:

  1. Idle State: A non-return-to-zero (NRZ) state where the serial line maintains a logic state of 1.
  2. Start Bit: A signaling flag indicating the beginning of a byte, marked by a 1-to-0 transition. The receiver detects this transition at the middle of the bit interval (T).
  3. Data Bits: Following the start bit, typically 8 data bits are transmitted on the TxD line and received on the RxD line over
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Finance, Fintech, Blockchain & Bitcoin: Core Concepts

Finance Overview

Core Idea: Get money from people and pay more in return.

Key Concepts: Truth & Data. Finance relies on managing money, risk, and trust (UX & UI matter).

Functions: Credit & Investments.

Main Sectors: Banks, Insurance, Trading Platforms.

Fintech (Finance + Tech)

Uses AI, Blockchain, APIs, and Digital Banks to transform finance.

Fintech’s Disruptive Potential

AI-driven risk management: Better targeting & financial inclusion (micro-credits).

Improved UI & Robo-advisors:

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Geological Processes and Landform Evolution

Geological Processes

External Geological Processes

Weathering

Weathering is the disintegration of rocks due to external agents. It alters geological fractures and minerals. There are two main types:

  • Gelifraction (Frost Wedging): Water expands upon freezing, widening cracks within rocks.
  • Thermoclastia: Rock rupture due to intense sunlight exposure.
  • Decompression: Expansion and fracturing of rocks formed at great depth.

Chemical Weathering

Chemical weathering is the disintegration of rocks due to chemical

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Marxism: Key Concepts, Historical Materialism, and Critique of Capitalism

Marxism: Core Principles

Marxism is one of the most influential currents of the twentieth century, presented from several perspectives:

  1. A sociological and economic explanation of capitalist society.
  2. A theory of history that tries to be scientific.
  3. A revolutionary practice of transformation of society and economic and political reality.
  4. A critique of philosophy, aiming to change it.

Dialectical Materialism

According to Marxism, reality is material and dynamic, evolving from contradictory elements and obeying

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The Rise of Nazi Germany: From Post-War Crisis to Totalitarian State

Post-War Crisis

Two fundamental factors marked the first postwar years: the excessive harshness of the Versailles Treaty, by which Germany was treated as the sole culprit of the First World War, and peace terms that forced Germany to pay very high financial reparations. Harsh land concessions were imposed; much of Germany was divided between France, Belgium, and Poland. Politicians of the new Weimar Republic were considered traitors for having accepted the conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.

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Understanding Demand, Supply, and Elasticity in Economics

Demand, Supply, and Elasticity in Economics

Demand – relationship between the quantity of a good that consumers are willing to buy and the price of the good. Qd=Qd(P)

Substitutes – Two goods which satisfy the same need and can replace each other in consumption. For substitutes, an increase in the price of one leads to an increase in the quantity demanded of the other (e.g., Colgate and Blend-a-med toothpaste).

Complements – Two goods which are consumed together. For complements, an increase in the

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Water Resource Uses and Sustainable Management Strategies

Water Resource Base

Urban Uses

Civil, commercial, or public use. An increase in these water uses can be an indicator of an increased population or improved quality of life. The quantity of water used for purposes such as domestic needs (e.g., bathrooms) represents a significant part of consumer demand.

Industrial Uses

In this case, water demand is generated by different industrial processes: as a raw material, as a refrigerant, as a waste receiver, for transporting materials, and as a cleaning agent.

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Laws of Propositional Logic

Laws of Propositional Logic

Name

Sequent

Description

Modus Ponens

If p then q; p; therefore q

Modus Tollens

If p then q; not q; therefore not p

Hypothetical Syllogism

If p then q; if q then r; therefore, if p then r

Disjunctive Syllogism

Either p or q, or both; not p; therefore, q

Constructive Dilemma

If p then q; and if r then s; but p or r; therefore q or s

Destructive Dilemma

If p then q; and if r then s; but not q or not s; therefore not p or not r

Bidirectional Dilemma

If p then q; and if r then s; but p or

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Revolution & Industrialization: Key Events & Analysis

Key Events & Analysis: Revolution and Industrialization

Exercise 1: Timeline of Events

  • CONST.AÑO3-1791
  • BRIT IN DERR.EJE YORK-1781
  • LUIS16 EXEC-1793
  • DICTA ROBESPIER-1794
  • PRIM CONGR Filadelf-1774
  • ASAM legislate-1791
  • Stamp Act 1765
  • Reacções TERMIDOR-1799
  • START WAR INDEP-1775
  • FRANC AND ESP INDEP N. America Go to War-1799

Exercise 2: Matching Exercise

1-G ,2-E ,3-H, 4 -, 5 -, 6 – ,7-A ,8-J, 9 -, 10 -I

Exercise 3: Agricultural and Factory System Changes

Agricultural Change

Substitution of open fields by operating

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Social Media Impact, CA Rail Project & E-Cigarette Health Risks

Facebook’s Impact on Users

Questions and Answers

  1. Based on the text:
    • a) False. “Facebook can be a fun, healthy activity…”
    • b) False. “A second study, completely independent from the first…”
    • c) True. “A second study, completely independent from the first… than close friends or family.”
    • d) True. “People may choose… romantic partners.”

Synonyms

  • a) jealous — envious
  • b) entertaining — fun
  • c) teammate — colleague
  • d) forecast — predict
  • e) exactly — accurately

Sentence Completion

  1. a) They asked us if we
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