Middle English Literature: 1066-1485

Middle English Period: 1066-1485

Medieval English literature is commonly dated between 1100/1150 and 1500, or more precisely between 1066 (Battle of Hastings) and 1509 (death of Henry VII and accession of Henry VIII).

Middle Ages: A Time of Transformation

The Middle Ages was a period of military struggle, political and religious unrest, increasing nationalistic spirit, and the consolidation of a national identity in social affairs, politics, religion, language, and arts. The year 1066 marked the beginning

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European Maritime Expansion and Societal Changes: 15th-16th Centuries

During the Early Modern period, European expeditions explored many new parts of the world. At the beginning of the 15th century, Europeans had limited geographical knowledge. They knew very little about most of Africa, Europe, and the territories around the Mediterranean and Black Seas, India, China, and Japan.

Trade with the East

Exotic products from the Far East, such as silk and spices, were highly appreciated in medieval Europe. Merchants carried them along the Silk Road, a trade route that linked

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Caravaggio’s Early Works: Paintings from 1594-1596

The Fortune Teller

(1594-1595)

The version in the Louvre, created after the one in the Capitoline Museum, is considered to be a companion piece to The Cardsharps. The gypsy is richly dressed. The first version has a more mischievous expression, while the second portrays a more beautiful subject. Both figures smile gently, as if accepting their fate. The lighting is more carefully rendered than in the Louvre version, with the focus consistently on the figures. We can see how this gentleman is richly

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Understanding Standard Normal Distribution and Statistical Analysis

Understanding the Standard Normal Curve

Finding the Area Under the Standard Normal Curve

1. Find the area under the standard normal curve to the left of z = -1.32 (Go to the z-table and find the corresponding value).

2. Find the area under the standard normal curve to the left of z = 1.49, P(Z < 1.49) (Use the z-table, find the value corresponding to the positive z-score, and draw a line to the left).

3. Find the area under the standard normal curve between z = -1.65 and z = 1.65, P(-1.65 < Z

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Continental Drift, Plate Tectonics, and Geological Processes

Continental Drift Theory

About 200 million years ago, the continents were united into a single landmass called Pangea, surrounded by a sea called Panthalassa. This supercontinent fragmented, and the pieces began to drift to their current positions. This theory was proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912.

Convection Currents Theory

Convection currents are a powerful engine for moving continents. These currents are movements of materials caused by differences in density due to temperature variations. The

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Topographic Surveying: Methods and Techniques

Direct and Reverse Intersection in Topographic Surveying

In surveying, points B2 and B1 perform a visual on points we aim to survey, and then on the next point on the itinerary, B3. We continue this way until the final point in the case of a framed route, or the point of departure in the case of a closed traverse. A section is the distance between two vertices of the itinerary. A section is not considered the distance between the base and references.

Direct Intersection: This consists of determining

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Automatic Control Systems: Techniques, Drivers, and Digital Advancements

Control Systems

A control system is a rational and systematic set of equipment and human intervention, allowing the operation of a controlled system. It seeks to:

  • Eliminate the influence of disturbances
  • Ensure the stability of the process
  • Optimize the process

Basic Automatic Control or Regulation Techniques

These techniques are based on feedback (feedback or closed loop):

  • Proportional-Derivative (does not act alone)
  • Integral (does not act alone)
  • Mixed: PI, PD, PID
  • All or nothing
  • Floating
  • Proportional in time,
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Business Terms and Definitions: A Comprehensive List

Business Terms and Definitions

Financial Terms

Income Budget

The budget which sets out estimates of the likely demand for and value of the firm’s sales.

Interest Rates

The additional cost for borrowing money.

Liquidity

The measure of how close an asset is to cash.

Loans

Borrowing money from the bank.

Long-Term Liabilities

Debts that have longer than a year to be paid back.

Loss Leaders

A low price on a product to attract customers.

Margin of Safety

The difference between the actual level of output and the break-

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Pioneering Figures and the Scientific Method

Galileo Galilei

Galileo was undoubtedly one of the greatest scientists of the scientific revolution. He was the first person to study the sky with a telescope. He discovered craters and mountains on the Moon. He also found the moons that orbited Jupiter. He was also interested in how falling objects behaved, so he studied mechanics. Galileo also conducted experiments, wrote theories, and made observations. Along with all his achievements, he even invented the thermometer.

Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton

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Statistical Variables and Data Analysis Exercises

Exercise 1: Identifying Qualitative and Quantitative Variables

Indicate which variables are qualitative and which are quantitative:

  1. Favorite Food (Qualitative)
  2. Profession you like (Qualitative)
  3. Number of goals scored by your favorite team last season (Quantitative)
  4. Number of students in your Institute (Quantitative)
  5. The eye color of your classmates (Qualitative)
  6. IQ of your classmates (Quantitative)

Exercise 2: Identifying Discrete and Continuous Variables

Indicate which variables are discrete and which are

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