Semantic Relations: Monosemy, Synonymy, Polysemy, and Antonymy

Semantics: The Study of Word Meaning

Semantics is the science that studies the meaning of words.

Fundamental Semantic Relations

A signifier having only one meaning is called monosemy.

When a signifier corresponds to multiple meanings, we encounter the semantic phenomena of synonymy, polysemy, and homonymy.

1. Synonymy

Synonymy occurs when multiple signifiers share the same meaning.

For example, the words cold and ice are presented as having the same meaning.

Few words are perfect synonyms. Significant variations

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Network Capacity and Routing Optimization Implementation

Algorithm Implementation: executeAlgorithm

This method executes the core network optimization algorithm, setting up the problem, defining constraints, and applying the resulting routing and capacity plan to the NetPlan object.

Method Signature

public String executeAlgorithm(NetPlan netPlan, Map<String, String> algorithmParameters, Map<String, String> net2planParameters)
{

Parameter Initialization

The algorithm first parses the required input parameters, defining key constraints and costs:

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Geological Evolution of the Iberian Peninsula Relief

The current relief of the Iberian Peninsula is the result of a geological history spanning millions of years, characterized by alternating orogenic phases and periods of calm dominated by erosion and sedimentation.

A. Archaic or Precambrian Era (4,000–600 Million Years Ago)

  • An arched band emerged from the sea, extending from the northwest to the southeast, formed by schists and gneiss. This band included almost all of present-day Galicia.
  • Elevations also arose in isolated points of the Central System
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Essential Pharmacology: Mechanisms and Drug Classes

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents (OHAs)

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents (OHAs) are medications taken by mouth to help lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. They work by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin, improving the body’s sensitivity to insulin, or slowing down the absorption of glucose from the digestive tract.

Types of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

  • Sulfonylureas

    These stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin (e.g., glipizide, glyburide).

  • Meglitinides

    Similar to sulfonylureas,

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Essential Chemistry Concepts and Atomic Theory Timeline

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts and Definitions

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Physical Property: A description that helps identify a substance.
  • Quantitative Characteristics: Characteristics that are measured. They always include a number and a unit.
  • Qualitative Characteristics: Characteristics observed with the senses that are described but not measured.
  • Characteristic Physical Property: A unique physical property used specifically to identify a substance (e.g., density, melting point).
  • Chemical Properties:
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World War II Aftermath: Reconstruction and the Cold War’s Genesis

The Impact of World War II

When the Second World War finished, it ravaged Europe and its population, which was decimated. Two new powers emerged: the United States (U.S.) and the USSR. The demographic balance showed around 50 million deaths; nearly half were in the USSR, followed by Germany and Poland.

Consequences of the War

  1. Physical Destruction and Economic Shifts

    The physical destruction was immense, affecting cities, infrastructure, and industrial facilities. This destruction caused a reduction

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Internet of Things Fundamentals: Architecture, Protocols, and Lifecycle

IoT Device Lifecycle

The IoT device lifecycle comprises the sequential phases that an IoT device goes through, from deployment to decommissioning. The key phases are:

  1. Deploy: The device is physically installed and configured in its working environment.
  2. Monitor: The device’s status, performance, and data output are continuously observed to detect anomalies or failures.
  3. Service: Maintenance operations are performed, such as firmware updates, repairs, or calibration, to ensure optimal functioning.
  4. Manage:
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Fama-French Three-Factor Model vs. CAPM Risk Factors

Important Risk Factors in Asset Pricing

Industry Factor

  • FIndustry = RIndustry – RStocks: Stocks in the same industry are all exposed to industry-specific shocks (demand, prices, technology).
  • This implies stocks in the same industry tend to have higher correlations with each other.
  • Stocks in an industry will have a large beta with respect to that industry’s factor (BIndustry). Stocks in nearby industries will have moderate BIndustry, and stocks in unrelated industries will have zero BIndustry.

Size

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Animal Kingdom Classification: Phyla, Embryology, and Vertebrate Groups

Invertebrates: The Animal Kingdom (Part 1)

Animals are characterized by their ability to move (motility).

Stages of Animal Embryonic Development

The formation of tissues and organs begins with three primary germ layers:

  • Endoderm: The inner layer, which forms the digestive organs.
  • Ectoderm: The external layer, which forms the nervous system and external coatings (skin).
  • Mesoderm: The intermediate layer, which forms muscles, bones, and circulatory systems.

Classification by Tissue and Symmetry

  • Parazoa (Subkingdom)
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Essential Concepts in Occupational Health and Safety Regulations

Fundamentals of Occupational Risk Prevention (ORP)

What is a Permanent Risk Factor?

A permanent risk factor is defined as any condition hazardous to the health of the worker.

What is a Pollutant?

A pollutant is an energy, a chemical, or a living being that can cause harmful effects on human health when present in sufficient concentration.

Routes of Entry for Pollutants into the Body

  • Respiratory
  • Digestive
  • Dermal (Skin)
  • Parenteral (Injection or wound)

Effects of Pollutants on the Human Body

Pollutants can have

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