Downsizing in Organizations: Strategies, Impacts, and Alternatives
Downsizing: Definition
Downsizing is a set of activities carried out by the management of an organization, aiming to improve its efficiency, productivity, and/or competitiveness. It often involves staff reductions, although it is not limited to this aspect. In other words, it is a process of “slimming” that aims to act on the proportion of employees to the work to be performed in the company.
Downsizing: Causes and Motivations
- Companies need to face the challenges of competitiveness brought about by
Understanding Requirements Engineering in Software Development
Requirements Engineering in Software Development
- Requirements engineering is the process of establishing the services that the customer requires from a system and the constraints under which it operates and is developed.
- The requirements themselves are the descriptions of the system services and constraints that are generated during the requirements engineering process.
What Is a Requirement?
- It may range from a high-level abstract statement of a service or of a system constraint to a detailed mathematical
Transformation of Europe: 15th to 18th Century
The Old Regime and its Transformation
The Old Regime began in the late 15th century and ended in the 18th. Both birth and death rates were high, resulting in minimal natural population growth. The primary economic activity was agriculture, using traditional methods and archaic tools. Consequently, productivity was low. Crafts were controlled by guilds, domestic trade was poor, and the discovery of the American territories favored the development of international trade. Society was characterized by
Read MoreMorphosyntax in English: Structures and Communicative Competence
Essential Morphosyntactic Elements in English: Elementary Communicative Structures
This essay aims to study the concept of morphosyntax. In order to do so, I will first develop the essential elements of morphosyntax. Second, I will focus on the elementary communicative structures. The third part of the essay will study the progressive use of grammar categories to improve oral and written communicative competence. In this way, I will emphasize how to teach grammar. In the last part, a section is dedicated
Read MoreMastering English Grammar: Conditionals, Active & Passive Voice
Understanding Conditional Sentences
Zero Conditional
Structure: If/When/Unless + Present Simple, Present Simple/Modal + Base Form
Examples:
- If/When you study harder, you get better marks.
- I can’t drive unless I’ve got my glasses.
First Conditional
Structure: If/Unless + Present Simple, Future Simple/Imperative/Modal + Base Form
Examples:
- If she cracks the code, she’ll understand the message.
- If the website isn’t reliable, don’t buy anything.
Second Conditional
Structure: If/Unless + Past Simple, Would/Could/
Economic Autarky in Post-Civil War Spain: 1940s-1950s
Economic Autarky in Post-Civil War Spain
The Impact of the Civil War: The Years of Famine
After the war, Spain was a ruined country. The loss of life was compounded by the destruction of property. The impact on the population was a considerable loss of life. Regarding the settlement, displacement took place in the post-war years around the country because of disruption to the economy close to the ground. In terms of economic impact, the 1940s were the years of famine. The income level was not recovered
Read MoreNietzsche’s Critique of Traditional Morality and the Transmutation of Values
Nietzsche’s Critique of Traditional Morality
Nietzsche argues that traditional morality, particularly Christian morality, is unnatural because it is born from the weak and resentful, those who reject the body and its passions. It affirms the reality of a “higher world” to which we must sacrifice our earthly existence. This morality is unnatural because its laws oppose the fundamental tendencies of life. It is a morality of resentment against natural instincts and the biological world, which are deemed
Read MoreTractor Mechanics: Components, Operation, and Efficiency
How is the Driving Force Transmitted to Caterpillars or Wheels?
By gearing or hydraulic systems. Drive components transmit efforts through continuous gear, brakes, and clutches.
Hydraulic systems also have the advantage that efforts are absorbed by abnormal slip of transmissions, although their frequency may lead to heating within the system. There are more sophisticated transmission systems, equivalent to those employed on tractors, that respond to power-shift technology.
Parts Included in a Tractor
Read MoreUnderstanding GDP, GNP, and National Accounts
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total production of final goods and services made by the factors of production located within a country in a given period. Output is defined as the sum of all final goods and services, since they do not take intermediate goods into account or the process that has been used to produce them, thus avoiding double counting. Investments in capital assets are considered in the GDP as final goods, even though they are used as inputs, they
Read MorePhilosophical Ideals: Socrates to Kant
Socratic Ideal
Socrates questioned some values and practices of his time. He asked his fellow citizens questions of human, social, and political importance but never found any answers. The ideal life, according to Socrates, was taking care of the soul and finding the truth because we believe that the truth will illuminate our lives. Socrates said that living life is okay with righteousness, and truth must be sought within us. Through dialogue, we can find the truth.
Aristotelian Ideal
Aristotle believed
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