The Power Structure of Franco’s Regime: The Families of the Movement

The Families of the Francoist Regime

Franco relied on the Falange and its partners among the ideological groups called the Families of the Regime.

1. The Falange: From Ideology to Loyalty

The Falange’s Transformation

  • In 1939, the Falange was vastly different from what it had been during the Republic.
  • Following the unification process of 1937, which removed figures like José Antonio and other deceased leaders, the new party swelled significantly, gaining “600,000 members in the months following the
Read More

Essential English Grammar: Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives, and Adverbs

Nouns: Classification and Types

Nouns are fundamental to the English language, and they are typically classified in several ways. Here are the main types of nouns, often grouped into pairs based on what they represent:

1. By Specificity (General vs. Specific)

Noun TypeDefinitionExamplesKey Feature
Common NounA general name for a person, place, thing, or idea.girl, city, river, car, feelingNot capitalized (unless at the start of a sentence).
Proper NounThe specific name of a particular person, place,
Read More

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and Korean Security

Three Pillars of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

The three pillars of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) are:

  • Non-proliferation: No acquisition or transfer of nuclear weapons.
  • Peaceful use: Nuclear-weapon states guarantee non-nuclear-weapon states’ peaceful use of nuclear energy as an inalienable right of all states (Articles IV and V).
  • Disarmament: Nuclear-weapon states undertake to pursue negotiations in good faith on nuclear disarmament (Article VI).

The Role of the IAEA Safeguards

Read More

Advanced Statistical Analysis and Econometrics in SPSS

Skewness and Kurtosis: Distribution Shapes

What They Measure

  • Skewness measures the asymmetry of a distribution around its mean.
    • Positive (right) skew: Long right tail—most observations are on the left (e.g., income).
    • Negative (left) skew: Long left tail—most observations are on the right.
    • Skewness = 0: Symmetric distribution (ideally normal).
  • Kurtosis measures tailedness and peakness—how heavy the tails are relative to a normal distribution.
    • Mesokurtic: Kurtosis ≈ 3 (normal distribution).
    • Leptokurtic:
Read More

Mastering Spanish & English: Key Phrases 64-84

Advanced Spanish & English Translation Practice

Improve your fluency by reviewing these advanced Spanish sentences and their corresponding English translations, focusing on common idioms, phrasal verbs, and complex grammatical structures.

  1. Sentence 64: Parting with Belongings

    Desprenderse de algunas de sus pertenencias les llenó de tristeza porque les recordaba el asesinato de su padre y su feliz infancia.

    Parting with / Getting rid of some of their belongings filled them with sadness because they

Read More

Common English Phrasal Verbs Explained

A

  • Ask someone out: Invite on a date.
  • Ask around: Ask many people the same question.
  • Add up to something: Equal.
  • Back something up: Reverse.
  • Back someone up: Support.
  • Blow up: Explode.
  • Blow something up: Add air.
  • Break down: Stop functioning (vehicle, machine).
  • Break down: Get upset.
  • Break something down: Divide into smaller parts.
  • Break in: Force entry to a building.
  • Break into something: Enter forcibly.
  • Break something in: Wear something a few times so that it doesn’t look/feel new.
  • Break in: Interrupt.
  • Break
Read More

Engineering Investment Evaluation: Present, Future & Annual Worth

Present, Future & Annual Equivalent — Equal & Unequal Lives

1. Purpose of Investment Evaluation

Used to compare different engineering projects based on their economic worth.

Projects may have:

  • Different lifetimes
  • Different cash-flow patterns
  • Different initial investments

Goal → Select the economically best alternative.

2. Interest Factors (Essential)

(These appear multiple times, so memorize.)

Let i = interest rate per period, n = number of periods.

(P/F, i, n)

Present worth of single future sum:

Read More

Resistance in Black Poetry and Children’s Literature

Audre Lorde — “Power” (1978)

Context

Power: Written in 1978 after the death of a 10-year-old Black boy, Clifford Glover, in New York (1973). This poem appears near the Black Arts period, when African Americans transformed voice into forms of poetry and art to capture resistance. The movement redefined Black as beautiful and powerful, turning language into rebellion and rejecting white literary norms.

Poem

The difference between poetry and rhetoric is being ready to kill yourself instead of your children.

Read More

Java Variables, Objects, Static and Instance Members

Java Variables and Object Concepts

0

Four kinds of variables

There are four kinds of variables:

  1. Local variables are those declared in method bodies; these appear in the variable portion of a Java execution frame. Unless explicitly requested, you generally do not need to show execution frames in an object diagram.
  2. Instance variables are non-static variables declared within a class body; these appear within an instance object box (see the discussion of objects below).
  3. Class variables are static variables
Read More

Inorganic Chemistry Notes: Hydrides, Oxides & Metallurgy

Inorganic Chemistry Notes: Hydrides, Oxides & Metallurgy

Q1 — Diborane: Preparation, Structure & Bonding

Q1. Write a brief note on the preparation, structure, and bonding of diborane (B2H6). (6 marks)

Answer:
Diborane can be prepared by reducing boron trifluoride (BF3) with lithium aluminium hydride or by reacting sodium borohydride (NaBH4) with acids. The molecule consists of two boron atoms linked to four terminal hydrogen atoms and two bridging hydrogen atoms. The four terminal B–H bonds

Read More