Mastering Core Business and Marketing Concepts

Essential Marketing Concepts

Market Sizing and Segmentation

Defining Market Potential (TAM, SAM, SOM)

  • TAM (Total Addressable Market): The total possible market size.
  • SAM (Serviceable Available Market): The relevant or targetable segment of the TAM.
  • SOM (Serviceable Obtainable Market): The realistically reachable share of the SAM that your business can capture in the short to medium term.

Jobs to Be Done (JTBD) and Segmentation

JTBD describes what the customer wants to achieve in their life, what progress

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The Restoration of Alfonso XII and the Cánovas System

The pronouncement of General Martínez Campos ended the democratic presidential term, initiating the Restoration. This transition was preceded by three key factors: the pacification of the country, international recognition of Prince Alfonso, and the acceptance of the monarchy by public opinion. These factors occurred in phases, starting with the military regime headed by Serrano, which ruled for eleven months to address the disorder of the riots. Another crucial factor was the Manifesto of Sandhurst,

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Biology and Psychology Essential Study Reference

Biology and Psychology Cheat Sheet

—–A4 Double-Sided Cheat Sheet Layout—–

Side 1: Biology

Features of Living Things

  • Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, and Nutrition (MRSGREN)

Hierarchy of Classification

  • Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species
  • Binomial Nomenclature: Genus (capitalized) + species (lowercase), italicized, e.g., Homo sapiens

Cells

  • Prokaryotic: No nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles.
  • Eukaryotic: Nucleus,
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The 1936 Basque Statute of Autonomy: Context and Impact

The Statute of Autonomy of 1936

This document is a Primary Source, structured as a legal text with significant political content.

  • Authorship: Junta formed by Parliament (Indalecio Prieto, President; José Antonio Aguirre, Secretary), confirmed by the Cortes.
  • Addressed To: Inhabitants of the Basque territories (especially nationalists) and the general public.
  • Objective: To establish a new legal framework for the autonomy composed of Álava, Biscay (Bizkaia), and Gipuzkoa.
  • Location & Date of Approval:
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Essential Linux Commands, User Roles, and Process States

Common Linux Commands and Utilities

The commands listed below are a mix of standard Unix/Linux utilities and internal shell commands. Below is the syntax and purpose for the most common interpretations in a Linux environment.

1. stat (st) 📊

The command st is not a standard standalone utility, but it is often used as a shortcut or abbreviation for the stat command.

  • Syntax (using stat): stat [OPTION]... FILE...
  • Purpose: The stat command displays detailed information about a file or file system. This
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Essential Computer Fundamentals and Software Systems

Evolution of Computer Generations

The history of computing is categorized into generations, defined by the fundamental electronic technology used. This evolution has led to continuous improvements in speed, size, cost, and efficiency.

GenerationApproximate PeriodCore TechnologyKey FeaturesExamples
First1940 – 1956Vacuum TubesEnormous size, very slow, high heat output, used Machine Language.ENIAC, UNIVAC I
Second1956 – 1963TransistorsSmaller, faster, more reliable, used Assembly Language and early High-
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Data Structures and Algorithms: Core Concepts and Comparisons

Graph and Tree Structures Fundamentals

Difference between Tree and Graph

The fundamental differences between trees and graphs are summarized below:

FeatureTreeGraph
StructureA tree is a hierarchical structure containing a root and several levels of child nodes.A graph is a network structure containing vertices and edges without any fixed hierarchical arrangement.
CyclesA tree never contains cycles because it maintains a strict parent-child relationship across all nodes.A graph can freely contain cycles
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The Foundations of Modern Thought: Philosophy, Politics, and Science

Philosophical Shifts and Political Thought

William of Ockham and the Decline of Scholasticism

The doctrine of William of Ockham defended empirical knowledge of facts. With him began the decline of Scholasticism. This period marked the start of major conflicts between religious and political power. Ockham’s approach paved the way for encouraging empirical thinking and science. Philosophy began to separate from theology.

Niccolò Machiavelli: Politics and the State

Machiavelli sought to explain the nature

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Adobe Photoshop Fundamentals: Raster Graphics and Image Editing

1. Graphics Fundamentals

Graphics are visual representations used to communicate ideas, messages, or data.

  • Types of Graphics

    • Raster: Pixel-based images (e.g., photos).
    • Vector: Mathematical path-based images (e.g., logos).
  • Uses: Branding, advertising, web design, UI/UX, and digital art.
  • Software: Adobe Photoshop (Raster), Adobe Illustrator (Vector), CorelDRAW, Canva, and Figma.
FeatureRaster GraphicsVector Graphics
CompositionPixels (colored squares)Mathematical paths/anchors
ScalabilityBecomes “pixelated”
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Environmental Studies, Sustainability & Ecosystems

Environmental Studies

Environmental studies is multidisciplinary in nature, integrating knowledge and methods from various fields such as ecology, biology, chemistry, geology, economics, sociology, and political science to understand and address complex environmental issues. This multidisciplinary approach is essential because environmental problems are influenced by diverse physical, biological, social, and economic factors and cannot be solved by a single discipline alone. [1]

The scope of environmental

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