Spanish Novel Before 1939: Authors, Themes, and Techniques

The Spanish Novela Before 1939: Introduction: During the first years of the century, authors like Galdós and Blasco Ibáñez successfully published novels. These narrators, in addition to seeking a new aesthetic narrative, used the novel to criticize. They gave more importance to the story in the novel as history; the novel is centered on the protagonist’s inner world, using dialogue and monologue. Unamuno’s use of an intellectual and aesthetic approach contrasts with Baroja’s aesthetics of dynamic

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Democracy, Fascism, and the Road to World War II

The Triumph of Democracies After World War I

The Allied victory in World War I was seen as a triumph for parliamentary democracy. The authoritarian empires that collapsed were replaced by republics adopting Western democratic principles.

The Decline of Democracy in the 1920s

However, by 1922, democracy suffered a sharp slowdown in Central and Eastern Europe, and the Mediterranean region. Fascism rose in Italy, and crises occurred in Turkey, Poland, Bulgaria, Spain, and Portugal.

The Rise of Authoritarian

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El Cid, Mester de Clerecía, and Celestina: Key Spanish Literature

El Cid: A Hero’s Journey

Cid: This epic poem focuses on the final years of Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, El Cid Campeador. The primary source is a fourteenth-century manuscript missing its initial sheet and two interior pages. Another copy from 1207 identifies Per Abbat as the author. The poem portrays the Cid as a model of moderation, prudence, and balance.

The Story of Honor and Shame

The narrative revolves around two central themes: honor and dishonor. Falsely accused, El Cid is banished from Alfonso VI’

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Flight to Terror: A Pilot’s Drug Trafficking Ordeal

Characters

  • Tony: A young commercial pilot living in Miami, Florida.
  • José González: The leader of a drug cartel.
  • Luis: Works for José.
  • Roberto: Works for José.
  • Fernando: Roberto’s brother, who also works for José.
  • Carmen: The sister of José’s girlfriend, Rosa.
  • Manuel: Works for José in Peru.

Story Setting and Summary

The story is set in three different countries: The United States, Colombia and Peru. The main character, Tony, is in constant danger as he gets involved with drug traffickers in Colombia,

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Accounting Principles and Financial Statements: Key Concepts

Accounting Concepts and Principles

The accounting concept that maintains each organization is separate from all other organizations and individuals (including the owner) is known as the economic entity assumption.

Bonds and Liabilities

A bond with a face value of 100,000 and a quoted price of 99 ¼ has a selling price of 99,250.

If total assets are 225,000 and stockholder’s equity is 150,000, total liabilities would be 75,000.

Final Company issued a 20-year mortgage payable on January 1. Final is required

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Fernando VII: Absolutism, Liberalism, and the Spanish Crisis

The Era of Fernando VII: Absolutism vs. Liberalism

The return of Fernando VII marked a period of significant upheaval, characterized by a struggle between absolutism and liberalism. His reign saw the cancellation of many liberal reforms.

The First Restoration (1814-1820)

In 1814, Fernando VII returned to Spain, greeted with enthusiasm by the populace. He received the ‘Manifesto of the Persians,’ a document from army officers, the Church, and conservative politicians urging him to overturn the Constitution

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Video Functions: Impact, Assessment, and Analysis

Motivating Function of the Video. Videos can influence behavior. They can increase awareness of a topic, as images often evoke stronger feelings than words. This is ideal for schools, groups, and communities, where the video becomes a focal point for discussion and teamwork (audiovisual production).

Evaluative Function of the Video. Videos assess conduct, attitudes, skills, and control. They aid in decision-making and situation assessment through self-evaluation. The video’s purpose is to evaluate

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Metaphysics: Definition, Types, and Parmenides

Metaphysics: Definition

Metaphysics is the study of being, encompassing all of reality. It seeks to answer questions about the origin of everything, what exists, and the ultimate end of nature.

The term “metaphysics” was coined by Andronicus of Rhodes in the first century BC. While organizing Aristotle’s works, he grouped certain topics in books placed *after physics* (meta ta physika).

The definition of metaphysics as something spiritual, beyond the physical, was institutionalized in medieval times,

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Understanding Digital Sound: From Analog to CD

Introduction to Digital Sound

The development of the compact disc revolutionized audio recording by digitizing sound, solving problems associated with the wear and tear of discs and tapes, such as warbling and tremolo. This innovation improved the signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range, offering advantages inherent in digital systems, including precision storage, transmission, and processing.

Unlike analog signals, which can take any value and vary gradually, digital signals are characterized by

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Material Science: Structure, Families, and Properties Explained

Material Structure and Composition

Structure of Materials: The structure of a material depends mainly on the arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules that constitute a solid element and the binding forces between them. This arrangement allows for a three-dimensional object to be formed. Materials with a crystalline structure are called solid or crystalline materials, such as some metals and ceramics.

Material Families and Their Characteristics

Families: Materials are characterized and grouped into

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