Perceptual Driving Behavior and Child Development
Perceptual Driving Behavior
Perceptual-driving behaviors are those that require the involvement of the cortex as a computer of sensory information, which should give basic consistency to conduct. Through movement and perceptual-motor behaviors, children will achieve:
- Organization of space, body schema, its orientation, and graphic expression.
- Speed and motor activity.
- Perception of senses: color, shape, textures, sounds, etc.
- Organization of time structures.
- Eye-hand coordination.
Perception allows the body, through the senses, to receive, process, and interpret the environment. It is the first cognitive process through which subjects capture their environment. Characteristics of perception:
- A long process with different parts, it needs a flow with continuous facts; it is dynamic.
- Needs stimuli.
- Hallucinations are not perception because there is no stimulus, but they are considered alterations of perception.
- Transformation is formed based on representations that we have done. The stimulus does not change, but our representation of it.
- The representation we will make is increasingly abstract.
- Perception is relative.
- It depends on the degree of adaptation of the receiver that captures the stimulus at a physiological level.
- The goal is to get a meaningful distal interpretation of the stimulus.
Main Theories:
Template Theory: The first theory of theoretical recognition. Theorists argue that we have stored in our brains a series of previously experienced pattern templates. It is incorrect if taken out of the goal of matching contours to the letter. The second principle is standardization. The template theory can be improved if, before comparison occurs between the new input and information templates, the input undergoes a process of “disposal,” which separates the essential information from the inessential pattern.
Trait Theory: What is stored in memory are short lists of traits that correspond to objects. These features are extracted from the stimuli and then combined and compared with those stored in memory. Thus, reducing the number of features that can be combined and recombined enables recognition of patterns. The comparison process with memory feature theory implies a search, which can take two forms: serial search or parallel search.
Pandemonium Model: The model assumes that feature recognition is developed from four stages of processing.
Ecological or Direct Perception Theory: Gibson said perception is direct and immediate. He said that the stimuli impose order on the mind. He affirms that almost all perceptual experiences can be explained from what is in the stimulus. Some of the theoretical assumptions are as follows:
- The patronage of light that stimulates the eyes can be conceived as a series or optics; this contains all the information that reaches the eyes.
- The optic series provides unequivocal information about the provision of objects in space.
- Perception comes in many ways.
- The potential uses of an object are influenced by psychological states.
Constructive Theory: Perception is not determined entirely by stimuli coming to the senses; on the contrary, it is a constructive process involving higher active beneficiaries. Neisser proposed a concept that is now well recognized by the psychologists of cognition: the perceptual cycle. This concept includes three elements: the schemas, perceptual exploration, and environmental stimuli. The perceptual cycle shows that humans do not limit ourselves to passively receiving the stimuli; we superimpose anticipatory schemes that provide us with a kind of plan in which we estimate what will occur.
Organization of Space
At birth, we cannot distinguish our body from the environment. Think now of the adult: we can appreciate distances, understand perspectives of structure, in short, the space around us. From our adult perspective to that of our children, there will be a yawning gap, which children will gradually overcome through the maturation of the nervous system and, especially, through their experiences. Our goal is to facilitate this process. Also, consider that good spatial organization benefits security, takes us away from fear of the unknown, and acts positively in controlling emotional and relational life accordingly.