Physiology of Muscles, Hearing, and Vision: Key Concepts
SOL.III
Lepidopteran Physiology
1. If we measure the time where the maximum occurs, free intracellular Ca concentration in the cytoplasm: depolarization of PA
Acoustic Stapedial Reflex
2. The acoustic stapedial reflex is defined as an involuntary stapedial contraction against intense sound.
Paraplegia
3. What would be the likely explanation that a paraplegic has a minimum percentage of…: lack of information to the muscle nerve
Muscular Fiber
4. If muscular X fibers have lower levels of calsequestrin in relation to muscle fiber: Ca and holds more than X
Headset Function
5. If a headset meets only the F(x) to increase the amplitude of the sound wave, then: to hear faint sounds better
Muscle Spindle
6. In muscle spindles, we find a structure called a person that can happen if…: problems in the myotatic reflex
Endolymph and Perilymph
7. If the concentration of K in the endolymph equals that in the perilymph, it directly affects the release of receptors.
Spinal Cord Horns
8. If the medial ventral horns of the spinal cord are affected: the movement of the trunk is affected
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
9. The excitation-contraction coupling is affected if: there occurs a release of intracellular Ca
Sarcomere Structure
10. Of the following structures, which form the sarcomere: thin filaments
Corneal Transplant
11. A person undergoes a corneal transplant because of trouble with: vision
Ear Muscle Functions
12. Among the F(x) of the ear muscles are: attenuate loud sounds coming from the external environment / cushion the lowest frequencies of sound / increase the capacity to hear while you’re talking
Acetylcholine Receptor Mutation
13. If a child is born with a mutated acetylcholine receptor in muscle cells: There would be no membrane depolarization / no release of intracellular Ca
Phototransduction
14. Regarding phototransduction: rhodopsin is activated by a photon of light / transducin activation leads to the closure of Na channels in the photoreceptor
Skeletal Muscle Shortening
15. If in a court of skeletal muscle it is observed that most of the sarcomeres are shortened: lack of ATP
Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
16. In skeletal muscle, a lazy iron will find: a similar percentage of fast and slow fibers
Retina
17. In the retina: rods and cones send information to the bipolar cells
Otoliths
18. Otoliths are: Ca carbonate crystals
Ventral Horn Injury
19. If you injure the ventral horn area of the spinal cord in the region that controls the arm, you will lose the capacity to move the arm.
Inactive Stapedial Reflex
20. A person submitting an inactive stapedial reflex: it significantly affects the ability to hear human speech
Cochlear Implants
21. Cochlear implants can be used in patients who present a number of receivers below the normal hearing threshold.
Rigor Mortis
22. If you tell a student that you found a hamster that died from cold and he asks you why it was stiff: muscles remained contracted due to a lack of ATP
Ganglion Cell Stimulation
23. If an OFF-center ganglion cell is stimulated in the periphery, the frequency of action potentials increases.
Photoreceptor Stimulation in Darkness
24. If photoreceptors are isolated in the retina of a rat and kept in the dark, applying a stimulus to this cell will cause it to be: hyperpolarized
Muscle Fiber Calcium Removal
25. By removing intracellular Ca from a muscle fiber: excitation-contraction coupling is blocked / myosin binds to actin
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Deficiency
26. If a muscle cell does not contain Ca in the sarcoplasmic reticulum: myosin cannot bind to actin
Hearing Loss from Loud Noises
27. A person can repeatedly lose hearing when exposed to loud noises because: stereocilia break in the auditory receptors
Muscle Weakness Treatment
16. A person presenting problems of weakness in muscle contraction could be treated with: a blocker of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca pump
100m Sprint Training
17. If an Olympic athlete needs to run a 100m flat race, the training program would be: intensive training followed by moderate training
Vision Thresholds
18. Regarding vision, it is certain that: cones have a higher excitation threshold than rods