Pollla

1.What are the key project cycle management stages? (5 points)

Initiation, planning, execution, closure

2.What are four main analyses used in Logical Framework Approach? (4 points)

Analysis of problems

Analysis of the stakeholders

Analysis of objectives

Analysis of strategies

3.What can be causes of insufficient access to safe water (3 points)

-The main problem is lack of safe water in rural areas.

-The contaminated water and the lack of basic sanitation.

-Excessive consumption in some homes

4.

a)Why to use 5 WHYs? (2 points)

To recognize root causes

b)What is the key , “WHY” question?

Why does this happen?

5.What is the difference between stakeholders and target groups? (4 points)

-Stakeholders: It refers to all the people who are the activities and decisions of a company.

-Target groups: are those that benefit directly from the decisions of a company

6.What does the acronym SWOT mean? (4 points)

-Strengths

-Weaknesses

-Opportunities

-Threats

7.Briefly explain what does the term assumption mean (3 points)

An assumption is anything you think to be true but there is no guarantee.

It can be related to human resources, budget, time or any type of function.

8.Can you identify at least two differences between the theory of change and Logical Framework Matrix (logframe)? (6 points)

-Theory of change: Gives the big picture, including issues related to the environment or context that you can not control.

Describe how and why you think change happens.

Shows all the different pathways that might lead to change, even if those pathways are not related to your program.

-Logical Framework Matrix: Gives a detailed description of the program showing how the program activities will lead to the immediate outputs, and how these will lead to the outcomes and goal.

Is normally shown as a matrix, called a logframe. It can also be shown as a flow chart, which is sometimes called a logic model.

Is mainly used as a tool for monitoring.

Includes space for risks and assumptions, although these are usually only basic. Doesn’t include evidence for why you think one thing will lead to another.

9.Logframe includes,, “constructed school”. Is it output, outcome or impact? (2 point)

Output

10.What does the acronym SMART mean? (5 points)

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Time- Bound

11.Propose appropriate indicators for improved hygiene behavior. (5 points)

Promote behavioral changes in the community in order to improve environmental conditions and reduce the factors that affect their health.

 • Encourage the participation of the communities in carrying out basic actions of Environmental Sanitation, through training and educational communication.

12.What are five main evaluation criteria of OCED DAC?

Relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, sustainability.

13.What main activities would you propose for a project focused on “increase diversification of agriculture production”?

expansion of cultivation areas; crop intensification; provision of irrigation and drainage, introduction of new crops and other more profitable activities.

14.What are four basics evaluation approaches (according to timing) ?

15.What are three types of evaluation questions? (3 point)

Descriptive, normative and cause – effect

16.What are three basics evaluation designs? (3 point)

Experimental, cuasi-experimental, non-experimental.

17.Formulate examples of following types of evaluation questions: (6 points)

-Descriptive question: Where has the program been implemented?

Who received what services?

-Normative question: Did we spend as much as we had budgeted?

Was the budget spent efficiently?

-Causse effect: Did the microenterprise program reduce the poverty rates in the townships in which they operated?

Did the increased tax on gasoline improve air quality?

18.How would you briefly explain random sampling? (3 points)

All individuals in the population can be part of the sample, they have a positive probability of being part of the sample.

19.What should be the minimum sample size for population of 300 people to reach 95% confidence level and 5% margin error? (2 points)

170    (http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html)

20.What sampling strategy would you choose for assessing specialty of results in a specific region? (3 points)

21.What sampling strategy would be the most appropriate for determining full demographic characteristic of the people visiting the hospital? (2 points)

22.What of the below data conexion methods can be used for getting opinion of the target groups? (4 points)

23.What are the main possibilities triangulation? 3points)

Case studies, Focus Groups, Experiments

24.The response given most often is called: (2 points)

Mode

25.What kind of analisys would you choose for answering the question “Why do participants drop out early? (2 points)

Mixed

26.What kind of analisys would you choose for answering the question “What are the mean scores of participants? “ 2 Points)

Quantitative

27.Communication strategy should be developed: (2 points)

With draft final report

28.What is the most experience you have learned during the course? (4