Power-Driven Systems: A Guide to Batteries, Engines, and Electrical Systems in Boats
Power-driven
1-Short description of the alternator.
ELECTRIC transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator receives the mechanical energy through a shaft with a pulley inside the alternator there is an armature and an inductor with a coil and magnets, based on polarity changes manages to create electricity, but that power is alternating current . The current is passed through a rectifier that converts ac to dc and a diode bridge or regulator that stabilizes the power of this current (typically up to 14.8 volts).2-coupling series and parallel battery
In series the voltage is increased but the ability does not change in parallel capacity is increased but the tension does not vary.
3-Care of the batteries should be monitored levels of the liquid electrolyte with a hydrometer, add liquid if needed distilled water (not acid sulfuric). This measurement must be done at least once a month. The place of location of the batteries must be dry and ventilated to avoid moisture. In case of sulfation of the terminals clean with a brush with baking soda and water, protect the rim with Vaseline to prevent sulfation. To monitor leakage of electrolyte and fully charge the battery at least once a week. The batteries or accumulators or do not like moisture or low temperatures, working best in a dry and warm.4-Problems at startup
If the engine does not start to come from outside to inside
Check whether the key is closed or the fuel tank is empty (if so open and bleed if necessary), check the tank breather hole (if its clogged filters to clean and purge if necessary), check the electrical system ( battery, starter motor, man overboard system, etc..) ascertain whether there is going ahead or behind geared (neutral position), check whether the receiving spark plugs (replace defective electrode case), check if fuel reaches the carburetor (verify gum, float, remove impurities, etc.).. Diesel engines to see if fuel reaches the injectors (purge if necessary). From here and if the engine still does not start failures are more serious and need the services of a specialist mechanic.
5-Voltage and intensity of a charged battery
We know if the battery is in good condition and has good intensity with a voltmeter with the engine off if we make consumption of the battery and the voltmeter only decrease its value (approximately 13 volts) means that the battery is charged and in good intensity. Another way is with a hydrometer, if the value is 1.28 gives the battery is at full load and intensity, if you give us a value of 1.19 the battery is discharged.
6-What is meant by specific consumption of an engine intake is used by an engine in 1 hour to develop a constant power of a horse (CV). Adequate intake is one in which the engine develops an appropriate speed with the lowest intake.
7-Contamination of the lubricant through the oil cooler an oil cooler is a sealed container that performs heat exchange. If a pore by corrosion, temperature or pressure, will become permeable and drain the fluid (oil) of high pressure to the lower (water). If the system is closed circuit appear in the oil and water will lose oil pressure to the engine. If the system is also open presionde be lost motor oil as it will spill into the sea.
8-coupling series up higher voltage Answering equal strength.
9-Priming circuit has descebado fuel in a diesel engine turn first to the injection pump, unscrew the plug and through the hand pump to empty the air until the fuel (desaparacion bubble), tighten the screw of the injection pump. Then loosen the screws of the injectors and go one by one purged until fuel system desapareczca any remaining air. Tighten the screws and proceed to boot.10 – Care of the electrical system
The electrical system must be low isolation (decreasing the resistance in a conductor cable), neoprene hose (butyl) and sound section, avoiding joints and strips (corrosion) cables for the upper ship and non-flooding area. , maintain ventilation to prevent moisture boat. Regular monitoring, avoid heat sources near and must be referenced.
11 – Failure of the cooling system must be distinguished between two systems A) open B) closed
A) In the open water is used by which sail (sweet or salt) as a refrigerant (fuerr overboard motors, jet skis, etc.) B) In sisterma closed circuit is used as a cooler fresh water which is in turn cooled by a salt-water exchanger. In both systems should monitor the faucet is open and fund the grid or external filter is not clogged. Pump failure or lack of water pressure. O strainer failure seawater.12 – specific consumption of 4-stroke diesel engines
Fuel consumption in kg * 3600
CV Consumer hour = ———————————————- ————————
Horses developed effective time in seconds *
