Powers of the British Prime Minister: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction
In Great Britain, the appointment of the Prime Minister is not explicitly explained in the constitution or law. The concept of a Prime Minister has evolved over centuries of constitutional changes. In practice, the appointment of the Prime Minister is based on convention. It is an accepted convention that the British King/Queen invites the person who commands a majority in the House of Commons to form a government. Thus, the British King/Queen appoints the Prime Minister from the House of Commons.
Powers of the British Prime Minister
Actual Head of Government
Undoubtedly, the British Monarch is the constitutional head of Great Britain, but the British Prime Minister is considered the actual head of the British government. This is because all royal powers are practically exercised either by the British Prime Minister or by his/her cabinet ministers in the name of the British Crown.
The British Prime Minister holds an influential place in the government. Over time, the powers of the British Prime Minister have evolved. The Prime Minister is the head of administration and possesses the following administrative powers:
(i) British Cabinet
The British Prime Minister can appoint ministers to his/her cabinet. The Prime Minister has the power to allocate functions and departments among ministers. The Prime Minister chairs meetings of the British Cabinet and coordinates not only the activities and policies of the cabinet, but also those of governmental departments.
(ii) Various Appointments
While actual appointments are made in most cases by the British King/Queen, selections and recommendations are made by the Prime Minister. The British Prime Minister has the power to advise the British King/Queen on the following appointments:
- Finance Minister
- Ministers of the Cabinet
- Senior Civil and Military officers
- Ambassadors and diplomatic representatives
- Governor-Generals of dominions and Governors of Colonies
- Peerages, knighthoods, and other honors
(iii) National Policy
The British Prime Minister has the power to make national policy regarding both national and foreign affairs. Therefore, he/she has control over national and foreign affairs.
(iv) Government Departments
The British Prime Minister also has control over government departments. He/she plays an important role in settling disputes among different government departments.
(v) Advisor to the British King/Queen
Another important power of the British Prime Minister is that he/she is the chief advisor to the British Monarch. He/she can advise the British King/Queen on critical matters like the dissolution of Parliament.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the growing role and powers of the British Prime Minister are transforming the present British political system. Some observers believe this is leading towards a more presidential system.