Prefabricated Construction Guide
Leveling Struts
Struts are telescopic and are used to ensure the vertical (plumb) and temporary bracing of the walls. They attach to the walls and the horizontal plates, ensuring the successful implementation of the panel seams.
Modular Coordination
This consists of a series of steps in line with the chosen measurement system and form of coupling parts, tolerances, and errors.
Effect of Slabs on Deck Diaphragm
A diaphragm is a flat structure whose function is to transmit vertical and horizontal forces acting in different parts of the structure. For this effect to be most effective, all components must be well-bonded. On many occasions, to ensure continuity between elements, a compression layer is used.
Types of Unions
- Wet: Requiring the discharge of water to ensure the transmission of forces through welded or overlapping armor.
- Dry: Forces are transmitted by screwing or welding between the metal elements.
Seals According to Efforts
- Bending Resistant: Based on splicing by overlapping simple armor, screwed or welded.
- Dovetailed: Very common for support pieces. Steel bars are used to fill the recesses of mortar.
- Torsion Resistant: Require very strong connections, capable of transforming the torsion moment to a bending moment.
Positional Types of Panels
- Vertical: Vertical forces act in their own plane.
- Slabs: Vertical forces are perpendicular to their area.
Slab Functions
- Slabs: Resistance (R), Fastenings (aperture effect), Interior Division.
- Walls: Resistance (R), Fastenings, Interior and Exterior Bracing, Division.
Industrialization Types
- Open: The industrial producer is considered as part of the building process. There are multiple manufacturers. Interchangeability of parts is a key aspect of this method, focusing on linear structural elements, floors, facade cladding panels, and prefabricated walls.
- Closed: The value is around one building. There is no interchangeability of manufacturers. This modular approach includes heavy and light three-dimensional parts (bathrooms), large panel systems, and tunnel formwork.
Advantages of Prefabrication
- Independence from weather conditions due to factory work.
- Reduced staffing needs and easier specialization.
- Significant decrease in execution time and production costs due to high industrialization.
- Increased quality compared to traditional construction.
- Greater distances between joints allow simultaneous manufacturing of parts.
Disadvantages of Prefabrication
- Need for heavy investment in manufacturing and transport.
- Requirement for special lifting measures, especially for heavy prefabricated elements.
- Special care required for joints and connections.
- Lower mounting tolerances compared to traditional systems.
- Substitution of labor for industrial investment.
Aspects to Consider in Prefabricated Construction
Transport
The need for specific transport means with sufficient power for elevation. Parts are produced according to the capacities of the transport, which determines the position of structural joints.
Component Manufacture
It is advisable to create versatile pieces with multiple functions within a building. Easily adaptable structural pieces that do not require complex molds, and manufacturing tables adaptable by simple means.
Manipulation
The pieces are designed for stripping, storage, transport, and placement in their final position. The manipulation of parts necessitates the foresight of joints needed for transportation and the installation method.
Connections and Support
In the case of prestressed hollow core slabs without in-situ concrete topping, a bunch of reinforcement will be available in the area of the slab-beam or slab-wall connection to ensure joint work and transverse load transmission.
Exterior Panels or Facade
Functions as a resistance and closing element. Types include sandwich or multilayer, lightweight concrete, concrete shell, homogeneous, and ceramic.
Types of Structural Elements According to Prevalent Dimension
- Bar: One dimension exceeds the other two.
- Plate: Two dimensions are greater than the third.
- Block: No dimension predominates.
Types of Reinforcement in Slabs
- Main: Top and bottom bars absorb bending moments.
- Secondary: Absorb shear and improve load-sharing.
- Anchor: Allow connections to load-bearing beams and joints between slabs.
- Manipulation: For transport and assembly of slabs.
Rationalization
. c onj sore studies technology and management methods and their production made for improvements in productivity and profitability.
Industrialization. Q process allows use of advanced technology and methods applied to the whole process
industrial processes. q Are the organization are based on scheduled and mechanization with production of components manufactured in series.