Present Perfect Simple: Grammar Unit 7 – 2nd ESO

Posted on Aug 29, 2024 in English

Josep Tous School – Barcelona – English Department – 2nd ESO

Teacher: Marga Alegre

GRAMMAR UNIT 7: Present Perfect Simple

Uses:

  1. To express an action that we did or happened in the past and we can see the effects in the present.
    My glasses were dirty and I decided to clean them.
    I have cleaned my glasses and I can see very well now.
    It’s 11:30. He isn’t hungry because he has eaten his sandwich in the break.
  2. To express an action that has happened recently (with just = right now).
    The plane has just landed.
    The baby has just broken the vase.
  3. An action that started in the past and carries on in the present.
    We have lived in this flat all our life.
    We have always studied at Josep Tous School.
  4. To express a past action without telling when it was done.
    We have been to London several times. = Hem estat a Londres vàries vegades.
    We went to London last summer. = Vam estar a Londres l’estiu passat. (Past Simple)

Structures:

(+) Affirmative Sentences

Subject + HAVE / HAS + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + complements

REGULARIRREGULAR
3rd person singular-ED3rd column of the list
work / workedeat / eaten

Special Points About Regular Verbs:

  1. -e ending: we only add -d
    dance / danced
  2. 1 syllable verb, consonant + vowel + consonant: we double the last consonant and we add –ed.
    stop / stopped
    clap / clapped
    Attention! Sit not sitted / sat (Irregular verb)
  3. -y ending:
    If there is a vowel before -y: -y never disappears and we add -ed.
    play / played
    If there is a consonant before -y: -y changes into -i and we add -ed.
    cry / cried
    fry / fried
  4. -l ending: we write double l and we add –ed.
    travel / travelled
  5. Two syllable verb, stressed at the end: We double the last consonant.
    prefer / preferred

(-) Negative Sentences

Subject + HAVEN’T or HASN’T + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + complements

have + not = haven’t
has + not = hasn’t

(?) Interrogative Sentences & Wh- Questions

[Wh- QUESTIONS] + HAVE / HAS + Subject + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE + complements + ?

Time Markers:

  • Just = right now (ara mateix)
    (+) sentences
    Position: before the past participle.
    (+) I’ve just eaten = Jo he acabat de dinar ara mateix.
  • Already = already (ja)
    (+) sentences
    Position: before the past participle.
    (+) I’ve already eaten = Jo ja he dinat.
  • Yet = still (encara) / already (ja)?
    Position: at the end of the sentence.
    (-) I haven’t eaten yet = Jo encara no he dinat.
    (?) Have you eaten yet? = Ja has dinat?
  • For = during (durant)
    I have studied for two hours = He estudiat durant dues hores.
  • Since = since (des de)
    I have studied since 4 o’clock = He estudiat des de les 4h.
  • This … morning / week / month / year (…)
    Position: at the end of the sentence.
    I have worked a lot this week = He treballat molt aquesta setmana.
    We have studied a lot this month = Hem estudiat molt aquest mes.
  • Lately = lately (darrerament)
    Position: at the end of the sentence.
    We have studied a lot lately = Hem estudiat molt darrerament.
  • Recently = recently (recentment)
    Position: at the end of the sentence.
    We have studied a lot recently = Hem estudiat molt recentment.
  • Ever = ever (alguna vegada)? / never (mai)
    Position: before the past participle.
    (?) Have you ever been to Andorra? = Has anat a Andorra alguna vegada?
    (-) I haven’t ever been to Andorra = Mai he anat a Andorra.
  • Never = never (mai)
    (+) sentences with negative meaning.
    Position: before the past participle.
    I have never been to … = Mai he anat a …
  • Always = always (sempre)
    (+) sentences
    Position: before the past participle.
    (+) They’ve always lived in BCN = Sempre han viscut a BCN.

Examples:

Regular Verb: Clean

  • (+) Your father has cleaned the car.
  • (-) Your father hasn’t cleaned the car.
  • (?) Has your father cleaned the car? Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t.
  • (?) What has your father cleaned? … the car.
  • (+) Your father has just cleaned the car.
  • (+) Your father has already cleaned the car.
  • (-) Your father hasn’t cleaned the car yet.
  • (?) Has your father cleaned the car yet? Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t.
  • (?) Has your father already cleaned the car? Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t.
  • (?) What has your father cleaned yet? … the car.
  • (?) What has your father already cleaned? … the car.

Irregular Verb: Buy

  • (+) They have bought a delicious pizza.
  • (-) They haven’t bought a delicious pizza.
  • (?) Have they bought a delicious pizza? Yes, they have / No, they haven’t.
  • (?) What have they bought? … a delicious pizza.
  • (+) They have just bought a delicious pizza.
  • (+) They have already bought a delicious pizza.
  • (-) They haven’t bought a delicious pizza yet.
  • (?) Have they bought a delicious pizza yet? Yes, they have / No, they haven’t.
  • (?) Have they already bought a delicious pizza? Yes, they have / No, they haven’t.
  • (?) What have they bought yet? … a delicious pizza.
  • (?) What have they already bought? … a delicious pizza.